τετρακτύς
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]τετράς (tetrás) + -τύς (-tús)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /te.trak.ty̌ːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /te.trakˈtys/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /te.trakˈtys/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /te.trakˈtys/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /te.trakˈtis/
Noun
[edit]τετρᾰκτῡ́ς • (tetraktū́s) f (genitive τετρᾰκτῠ́ος); third declension
- Pythagorean name for:
- the sum of the first four numbers, i.e. 10 (= 1+2+3+4)
- Carm., Aur. 48:
- ναὶ μὰ τὸν ἁμετέρᾳ ψυχᾷ παραδόντα τετρακτύν, παγὰν ἀενάου φύσεως
- naì mà tòn hametérāi psukhâi paradónta tetraktún, pagàn aenáou phúseōs
- ναὶ μὰ τὸν ἁμετέρᾳ ψυχᾷ παραδόντα τετρακτύν, παγὰν ἀενάου φύσεως
- Theo., Sm. p.94.H.
- Hierocl., in CA 20p.465.M.
- The four terms (6:8:9:12) of the proportion corresponding to the chief musical intervals; also their sum +1 (= 36); the sum of the first 8 numbers. (6:12::1:2::diapason, 6:9::2:3::diapente, 6:8::3:4::diatessaron; 1:2, 2:3, 3:4 being the ratios of neighboring terms in the sum of the previous definition. 8:9::tonus as a bonus. A diatonic scale may be derived from this; semitonus can be derived to be 243:256 by fitting tonus as many times as possible into a diatessaron and finding out what ratio remains. Tonus times tonus times semitonus equals diatessaron: do–re–mi–fa (6:8). Fa to sol is tonus (8:9). Sol to do’ is another diatessaron: sol–la–si–do’ = tonus times tonus times semitonus = do–re–mi–fa transposed to sol (9:12). 384:432:486:512:576:648:729:786::do:re:mi:fa:sol:la:si:do’.)
- the sum of the first four numbers, i.e. 10 (= 1+2+3+4)
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ τετρᾰκτῡ́ς hē tetraktū́s |
τὼ τετρᾰκτῠ́ε tṑ tetraktúe |
αἱ τετρᾰκτῠ́ες hai tetraktúes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς τετρᾰκτῠ́ος tês tetraktúos |
τοῖν τετρᾰκτῠ́οιν toîn tetraktúoin |
τῶν τετρᾰκτῠ́ων tôn tetraktúōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ τετρᾰκτῠ́ῐ̈ têi tetraktúï |
τοῖν τετρᾰκτῠ́οιν toîn tetraktúoin |
ταῖς τετρᾰκτῠ́σῐ / τετρᾰκτῠ́σῐν taîs tetraktúsi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν τετρᾰκτῡ́ν tḕn tetraktū́n |
τὼ τετρᾰκτῠ́ε tṑ tetraktúe |
τᾱ̀ς τετρᾰκτῦς / τετρᾰκτῠ́ᾰς tā̀s tetraktûs / tetraktúas | ||||||||||
Vocative | τετρᾰκτῡ́ tetraktū́ |
τετρᾰκτῠ́ε tetraktúe |
τετρᾰκτῠ́ες tetraktúes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants
[edit]- English: tetractys
- Italian: tetrattide
- Polish: tetraktys
- Russian: тетрактис (tetraktis)
Further reading
[edit]- “τετρακτύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “τετρακτύς”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -τύς
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations