ταπεινός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Has been connected with Old Norse þefja (“to stamp”) and þōf (“crowd”) but this theory is not convincing. Probably from Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ta.peː.nós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ta.piˈnos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ta.piˈnos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ta.piˈnos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ta.piˈnos/

Adjective

τᾰπεινός • (tăpeinós) m (feminine τᾰπεινή, neuter τᾰπεινόν); first/second declension

low
1. low-lying (of place)
2. humbled, abased in power, pride; submissive; small, poor, weak (of persons)
3. downcast, dejected (of the mood)
4. (bad in a moral sense): mean, base, abject
5. (good in a moral sense): lowly, humble
6. mean, low, poor (of things)

Inflection

First and second declension of τᾰπεινός; τᾰπεινή; τᾰπεινόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	τᾰπεινός tăpeinós	τᾰπεινή tăpeinḗ	τᾰπεινόν tăpeinón	τᾰπεινώ tăpeinṓ	τᾰπεινᾱ́ tăpeinā́	τᾰπεινώ tăpeinṓ	τᾰπεινοί tăpeinoí	τᾰπειναί tăpeinaí	τᾰπεινᾰ́ tăpeinắ
Genitive	τᾰπεινοῦ tăpeinoû	τᾰπεινῆς tăpeinês	τᾰπεινοῦ tăpeinoû	τᾰπεινοῖν tăpeinoîn	τᾰπειναῖν tăpeinaîn	τᾰπεινοῖν tăpeinoîn	τᾰπεινῶν tăpeinôn	τᾰπεινῶν tăpeinôn	τᾰπεινῶν tăpeinôn
Dative	τᾰπεινῷ tăpeinôi	τᾰπεινῇ tăpeinêi	τᾰπεινῷ tăpeinôi	τᾰπεινοῖν tăpeinoîn	τᾰπειναῖν tăpeinaîn	τᾰπεινοῖν tăpeinoîn	τᾰπεινοῖς tăpeinoîs	τᾰπειναῖς tăpeinaîs	τᾰπεινοῖς tăpeinoîs
Accusative	τᾰπεινόν tăpeinón	τᾰπεινήν tăpeinḗn	τᾰπεινόν tăpeinón	τᾰπεινώ tăpeinṓ	τᾰπεινᾱ́ tăpeinā́	τᾰπεινώ tăpeinṓ	τᾰπεινούς tăpeinoús	τᾰπεινᾱ́ς tăpeinā́s	τᾰπεινᾰ́ tăpeinắ
Vocative	τᾰπεινέ tăpeiné	τᾰπεινή tăpeinḗ	τᾰπεινόν tăpeinón	τᾰπεινώ tăpeinṓ	τᾰπεινᾱ́ tăpeinā́	τᾰπεινώ tăpeinṓ	τᾰπεινοί tăpeinoí	τᾰπειναί tăpeinaí	τᾰπεινᾰ́ tăpeinắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	τᾰπεινῶς tăpeinôs			τᾰπεινότερος tăpeinóteros			τᾰπεινότᾰτος tăpeinótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

ἄβδελλον (ábdellon)

Derived terms

τᾰπεινολογῐ́ᾱ (tăpeinologĭ́ā)
τᾰπεινότης (tăpeinótēs)
τᾰπεινόω (tăpeinóō)

“ταπεινός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ταπεινός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ταπεινός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“ταπεινός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G5011 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- abject idem, page 2.
- base idem, page 64.
- contrite idem, page 170.
- cowering idem, page 181.
- cringing idem, page 184.
- degraded idem, page 206.
- degrading idem, page 206.
- deprecating idem, page 213.
- grovelling idem, page 375.
- humble idem, page 409.
- inglorious idem, page 440.
- low idem, page 502.
- low-born idem, page 503.
- lowly idem, page 503.
- mean idem, page 519.
- obscure idem, page 566.
- obsequious idem, page 566.
- patient idem, page 598.
- penitent idem, page 603.
- plebeian idem, page 620.
- repentant idem, page 696.
- subdued idem, page 830.
- submissive idem, page 831.
- subservient idem, page 832.
- suppliant idem, page 840.
- unambitious idem, page 906.
- unaspiring idem, page 907.
- unassuming idem, page 907.
- ungentle idem, page 919.
- vile idem, page 952.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN