σῖγμα

See also: σίγμα

Ancient Greek

previous     letter   ῥῶ		following     letter   ταῦ
Σ σ ς   –   English: sigma

Alternative forms

• σῑ́γμᾰ (sī́gmă)

Etymology

Borrowing from Phoenician 𐤔 (š‬ /⁠šīn⁠/) doubtful at best. Name agreed to be from σῐ́ζω (sĭ́zō, “to hiss”) +‎ -μᾰ (-mă, nominal suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sîːŋ.ma/ → /ˈsiɣ.ma/ → /ˈsiɣ.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sîːŋ.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsiɡ.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsiɣ.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsiɣ.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsiɣ.ma/

Noun

σῖγμᾰ • (sîgmă) n (genitive σῑ́γμᾰτος); third declension

1. sigma, the name for the eighteenth letter Σ, σ of the Ancient Greek alphabet.

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ σῖγμᾰ; τοῦ σῑ́γμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σῖγμᾰ tò sîgmă	τὼ σῑ́γμᾰτε tṑ sī́gmăte	τᾰ̀ σῑ́γμᾰτᾰ tằ sī́gmătă
Genitive	τοῦ σῑ́γμᾰτος toû sī́gmătos	τοῖν σῑγμᾰ́τοιν toîn sīgmắtoin	τῶν σῑγμᾰ́των tôn sīgmắtōn
Dative	τῷ σῑ́γμᾰτῐ tôi sī́gmătĭ	τοῖν σῑγμᾰ́τοιν toîn sīgmắtoin	τοῖς σῑ́γμᾰσῐ / σῑ́γμᾰσῐν toîs sī́gmăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ σῖγμᾰ tò sîgmă	τὼ σῑ́γμᾰτε tṑ sī́gmăte	τᾰ̀ σῑ́γμᾰτᾰ tằ sī́gmătă
Vocative	σῖγμᾰ sîgmă	σῑ́γμᾰτε sī́gmăte	σῑ́γμᾰτᾰ sī́gmătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ᾰ̓ντῐ́σῑγμᾰ (ăntĭ́sīgmă)
• ᾰ̓́σῑγμος (ắsīgmos)
• σῑγμᾰτῐ́ζω (sīgmătĭ́zō)
• σῑγμοειδής (sīgmoeidḗs)
• φῐλοσῑ́γμᾰτος (phĭlosī́gmătos)

 

Related terms

• ἐπῐ́σῑγμᾰ (epĭ́sīgmă)
• σῑγμός (sīgmós)

Descendants

• → English: sigma
• Greek: σίγμα (sígma)

References

• “σίγμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press