στάχυς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *stngʰ-u-s, from a root *ste(n)gʰ- (“to stick”), and compared with Proto-Germanic *stinganą (“to sting, stick out”), Lithuanian stangùs (“fixed, stiff”), Latvian stingt (“to harden”). However, in addition to the accentuation of the Baltic terms implying a more likely proto-form of *steng-, the variant ἄσταχυς (ástakhus) could also suggest a Pre-Greek origin, which is endorsed by Beekes; see also στόνυξ (stónux, “sharp point”) and στόχος (stókhos, “erection of stone”).

Pronunciation

(Homeric)

 

• IPA^(key): /stá.kʰyːs/ → /ˈsta.çys/ → /ˈsta.çis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stá.kʰyːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.kʰys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çis/

(later poetry)

 

• IPA^(key): /stá.kʰys/ → /ˈsta.çys/ → /ˈsta.çis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stá.kʰys/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.kʰys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çis/

Noun

στᾰ́χῡς or στᾰ́χῠς • (stákhūs or stákhus) m (genitive στᾰ́χῠος); third declension

1. An ear of grain
2. scion, progeny
3. Spica, a star in the constellation Virgo
4. lower part of the abdomen
5. base horehound (Stachys germanica)
6. surgical bandage
7. shibboleth

Inflection

Third declension of στᾰ́χῡς; στᾰ́χῠος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	στᾰ́χῡς stákhūs	στᾰ́χῠε stákhue	στᾰ́χῠες stákhues
Genitive	στᾰ́χῠος stákhuos	στᾰχῠ́οιῐν stakhúoiin	στᾰχῠ́ων stakhúōn
Dative	στᾰ́χῠῐ̈ / στᾰ́χυι stákhuï / stákhui	στᾰχῠ́οιῐν stakhúoiin	στᾰχῠ́εσσῐ / στᾰχῠ́εσσῐν / στᾰ́χῡσῐ / στᾰ́χῡσῐν / στᾰ́χῡσσῐ / στᾰ́χῡσσῐν stakhúessi(n) / stákhūsi(n) / stákhūssi(n)
Accusative	στᾰ́χῡν stákhūn	στᾰ́χῠε stákhue	στᾰ́χῡς / στᾰ́χῠᾰς stákhūs / stákhuas
Vocative	στᾰ́χῡ stákhū	στᾰ́χῠε stákhue	στᾰ́χῠες stákhues
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of ὁ στᾰ́χῠς; τοῦ στᾰ́χῠος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ στᾰ́χῠς ho stákhus	τὼ στᾰ́χῠε tṑ stákhue	οἱ στᾰ́χῠες hoi stákhues
Genitive	τοῦ στᾰ́χῠος toû stákhuos	τοῖν στᾰχῠ́οιν toîn stakhúoin	τῶν στᾰχῠ́ων tôn stakhúōn
Dative	τῷ στᾰ́χῠῐ̈ / στᾰ́χυι tôi stákhuï / stákhui	τοῖν στᾰχῠ́οιν toîn stakhúoin	τοῖς στᾰ́χῠσῐ / στᾰ́χῠσῐν toîs stákhusi(n)
Accusative	τὸν στᾰ́χῠν tòn stákhun	τὼ στᾰ́χῠε tṑ stákhue	τοὺς στᾰ́χῡς / στᾰ́χῠᾰς toùs stákhūs / stákhuas
Vocative	στᾰ́χῠ stákhu	στᾰ́χῠε stákhue	στᾰ́χῠες stákhues
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Translingual: Stachys

Further reading

• “στάχυς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• στάχυς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• στάχυς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G4719 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • corn idem, page 174.
  • crop idem, page 185.
  • fruit idem, page 347.
  • harvest idem, page 387.
  • standing idem, page 811.
• “στάχυς”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011