σκάνδαλον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump”), and compared with Latin scandō (“to ascend”), Sanskrit स्कन्दति (skandati, “to jump, hop, hurry”). The original sense, per Beekes, was probably "a piece of wood hanging on ropes, used by acrobats as well as trap-setters"; under the Indo-European theory, the term would thus be interpreted as "wood for jumping or climbing". Beekes is unconvinced by the semantics, as well as the unexplained -α- (-a-) in the Greek form, and prefers to take it as Pre-Greek, though admits the possibility of a loan from some other lost Indo-European language, perhaps from the root *skend- mentioned above.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /skán.da.lon/ → /ˈskan.da.lon/ → /ˈskan.da.lon/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /skán.da.lon/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈskan.da.lon/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈskan.da.lon/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈskan.da.lon/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈskan.da.lon/

Noun

σκᾰ́νδᾰλον • (skắndălon) n (genitive σκᾰνδᾰ́λου); second declension

1. trap, snare
2. enticement, temptation
3. offense, scandal
4. stumbling block

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ σκᾰ́νδᾰλον; τοῦ σκᾰνδᾰ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σκᾰ́νδᾰλον tò skắndălon	τὼ σκᾰνδᾰ́λω tṑ skăndắlō	τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ tằ skắndălă
Genitive	τοῦ σκᾰνδᾰ́λου toû skăndắlou	τοῖν σκᾰνδᾰ́λοιν toîn skăndắloin	τῶν σκᾰνδᾰ́λων tôn skăndắlōn
Dative	τῷ σκᾰνδᾰ́λῳ tôi skăndắlōi	τοῖν σκᾰνδᾰ́λοιν toîn skăndắloin	τοῖς σκᾰνδᾰ́λοις toîs skăndắlois
Accusative	τὸ σκᾰ́νδᾰλον tò skắndălon	τὼ σκᾰνδᾰ́λω tṑ skăndắlō	τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ tằ skắndălă
Vocative	σκᾰ́νδᾰλον skắndălon	σκᾰνδᾰ́λω skăndắlō	σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ skắndălă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• σκᾰνδᾰ́ληθρον (skăndắlēthron)
• σκᾰνδᾰλῐ́ζω (skăndălĭ́zō)

Descendants

• Greek: σκάνδαλο (skándalo)
• → Latin: scandalum
  • Catalan: escàndol
  • → French: scandale
    • → Belarusian: сканда́л (skandál)
    • → Bulgarian: сканда́л (skandál)
    • → Czech: skandál
    • → Danish: skandale
    • → Dutch: schandaal
      • → Indonesian: skandal
    • → English: scandal
      • → Japanese: スキャンダル (sukyandaru)
      • → Korean: 스캔들 (seukaendeul)
    • → Esperanto: skandalo
    • → Estonian: skandaal
    • → Finnish: skandaali
    • → German: Skandal
    • → Persian: اسکاندال (eskândâl)
    • → Polish: skandal
    • → Russian: сканда́л (skandál)
    • → Serbo-Croatian: skandal
    • → Slovak: škandál
    • → Swedish: skandal
    • → Turkish: skandal
    • → Ukrainian: сканда́л (skandál)
  • → Galician: escándalo
  • Italian: scandalo
  • → Norman: escandale
  • Old French: esclandre
    • → Middle English: slandre
      • English: slander
    • French: esclandre
      • → English: esclandre
    • Norman: esclandre
  • → Portuguese: escândalo
  • Romanian: scandal
  • Sicilian: scànnalu
  • Spanish: escándalo
  • Vulgar Latin: *scandulum
    • → Albanian: shkandull

Further reading

• “σκάνδαλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• σκάνδαλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G4625 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• “σκάνδαλον”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011