σαυκός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The entry by Beekes in his Etymological Dictionary of Greek reads (in paraphrase):

"A number of wrong etymologies have been proposed, like a borrowing from an original Italic word related to αὖος (aûos, “dry”). Conversely, Furnée convincingly compares σαυχμόν (saukhmón, “tender; spongy; unsound”) and σαβακός (sabakós, “weak, moldered, smashed”). It follows that the word is Pre-Greek."

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sau̯.kós/ → /saɸˈkos/ → /safˈkos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sau̯.kós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /saʍˈkos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /saɸˈkos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /safˈkos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /safˈkos/

Adjective

σαυκός • (saukós) m (feminine σαυκή, neuter σαυκόν); first/second declension

1. (at Syracuse) dry
   • 5th century CE, Hesychius Alexandreus, Συναγωγὴ Πασῶν Λέξεων κατὰ Στοιχεῖον :

     σαυκόν· ξηρόν. Συρακούσιοι

     saukón; xērón. Surakoúsioi

     saukón: dry (Syracusans)

Inflection

First and second declension of σαυκός; σαυκή; σαυκόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		σαυκός saukós	σαυκή saukḗ	σαυκόν saukón		σαυκώ saukṓ	σαυκᾱ́ saukā́	σαυκώ saukṓ		σαυκοί saukoí	σαυκαί saukaí	σαυκᾰ́ saukắ
Genitive		σαυκοῦ saukoû	σαυκῆς saukês	σαυκοῦ saukoû		σαυκοῖν saukoîn	σαυκαῖν saukaîn	σαυκοῖν saukoîn		σαυκῶν saukôn	σαυκῶν saukôn	σαυκῶν saukôn
Dative		σαυκῷ saukôi	σαυκῇ saukêi	σαυκῷ saukôi		σαυκοῖν saukoîn	σαυκαῖν saukaîn	σαυκοῖν saukoîn		σαυκοῖς saukoîs	σαυκαῖς saukaîs	σαυκοῖς saukoîs
Accusative		σαυκόν saukón	σαυκήν saukḗn	σαυκόν saukón		σαυκώ saukṓ	σαυκᾱ́ saukā́	σαυκώ saukṓ		σαυκούς saukoús	σαυκᾱ́ς saukā́s	σαυκᾰ́ saukắ
Vocative		σαυκέ sauké	σαυκή saukḗ	σαυκόν saukón		σαυκώ saukṓ	σαυκᾱ́ saukā́	σαυκώ saukṓ		σαυκοί saukoí	σαυκαί saukaí	σαυκᾰ́ saukắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		σαυκῶς saukôs				σαυκότερος saukóteros				σαυκότᾰτος saukótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “σαυκός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σαυκόν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1312