περάω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]In the sense of "to cross", denominal verb from πέρα (péra, “beyond”),[1] and cognate with Albanian prura. In the sense of "to sell as a slave", cognate with πέρνημι (pérnēmi).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pe.rá.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /peˈra.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /peˈra.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /peˈra.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /peˈra.o/
Verb
[edit]περᾰ́ω • (peráō)
- to go from one side to another
- to pass through over or traverse, cross, esp. over water
- (intransitive) to penetrate or pierce (of a pointed weapon)
- to sell as a slave[2]
Conjugation
[edit] Present: περᾰ́ω, περᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | περῶ | περᾷς | περᾷ | περᾶτον | περᾶτον | περῶμεν | περᾶτε | περῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | περῶ | περᾷς | περᾷ | περᾶτον | περᾶτον | περῶμεν | περᾶτε | περῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | περῴην, περῷμῐ |
περῴης, περῷς |
περῴη, περῷ |
περῷτον, περῴητον |
περῴτην, περῳήτην |
περῷμεν, περῴημεν |
περῷτε, περῴητε |
περῷεν, περῴησᾰν | |||||
imperative | πέρᾱ | περᾱ́τω | περᾶτον | περᾱ́των | περᾶτε | περώντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | περῶμαι | περᾷ | περᾶται | περᾶσθον | περᾶσθον | περώμεθᾰ | περᾶσθε | περῶνται | ||||
subjunctive | περῶμαι | περᾷ | περᾶται | περᾶσθον | περᾶσθον | περώμεθᾰ | περᾶσθε | περῶνται | |||||
optative | περῴμην | περῷο | περῷτο | περῷσθον | περῴσθην | περῴμεθᾰ | περῷσθε | περῷντο | |||||
imperative | περῶ | περᾱ́σθω | περᾶσθον | περᾱ́σθων | περᾶσθε | περᾱ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | περᾶν | περᾶσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | περῶν | περώμενος | ||||||||||
f | περῶσᾰ | περωμένη | |||||||||||
n | περῶν | περώμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | περῶ | περᾷς | περᾷ | περᾶτον | περᾶτον | περῶμεν | περᾶτε | περῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | περῶ, περῶμῐ |
περᾷς, περᾷσθᾰ |
περᾷ, περᾷσῐ |
περᾶτον | περᾶτον | περῶμεν | περᾶτε | περῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | περῷμι | περῷς | περῷ | περῷτον | περῴτην | περῷμεν | περῷτε | περῷεν | |||||
imperative | πέρᾱ | περᾱ́τω | περᾶτον | περᾱ́των | περᾶτε | περώντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | περῶμαι | περᾷ | περᾶται | περᾶσθον | περᾶσθον | περώμε(σ)θᾰ | περᾶσθε | περῶνται | ||||
subjunctive | περῶμαι | περᾷ | περᾶται | περᾶσθον | περᾶσθον | περώμε(σ)θᾰ | περᾶσθε | περῶνται | |||||
optative | περῴμην | περῷο | περῷτο | περῷσθον | περῴσθην | περῴμε(σ)θᾰ | περῷσθε | περῴᾰτο | |||||
imperative | περῶ | περᾱ́σθω | περᾶσθον | περᾱ́σθων | περᾶσθε | περᾱ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | περάᾱν, περᾶν, περήμεναι |
περᾶσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | περῶν | περώμενος | ||||||||||
f | περῶσᾰ | περωμένη | |||||||||||
n | περῶν | περώμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπέρᾰον | ἐπέρᾰες | ἐπέρᾰε(ν) | ἐπερᾰ́ετον | ἐπερᾰέτην | ἐπερᾰ́ομεν | ἐπερᾰ́ετε | ἐπέρᾰον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπερᾰόμην | ἐπερᾰ́ου | ἐπερᾰ́ετο | ἐπερᾰ́εσθον | ἐπερᾰέσθην | ἐπερᾰόμεθᾰ | ἐπερᾰ́εσθε | ἐπερᾰ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπέρων | ἐπέρᾱς | ἐπέρᾱ | ἐπερᾶτον | ἐπερᾱ́την | ἐπερῶμεν | ἐπερᾶτε | ἐπέρων | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπερώμην | ἐπερῶ | ἐπερᾶτο | ἐπερᾶσθον | ἐπερᾱ́σθην | ἐπερώμεθᾰ | ἐπερᾶσθε | ἐπερῶντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐπεπερήκειν, ἐπεπερήμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπεπερήκειν, ἐπεπερήκη |
ἐπεπερήκεις, ἐπεπερήκης |
ἐπεπερήκει(ν) | ἐπεπερήκετον | ἐπεπερηκέτην | ἐπεπερήκεμεν | ἐπεπερήκετε | ἐπεπερήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεπερήμην | ἐπεπέρησο | ἐπεπέρητο | ἐπεπέρησθον | ἐπεπερήσθην | ἐπεπερήμεθᾰ | ἐπεπέρησθε | ἐπεπέρηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “περᾱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1175
- ^ Cunliffe, A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect
Further reading
[edit]- “περάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press