παγκράτιον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From παγκρατής (pankratḗs, “all powerful”) +‎ -ιον (-ion), from πᾰν- (pan-, “all, every”) +‎ κράτος (krátos, “strength, power”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /paŋ.krá.ti.on/ → /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/ → /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /paŋ.krá.ti.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /paŋˈkra.ti.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /paŋˈɡra.ti.on/

Noun

πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον • (pankrátion) n (genitive πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ου); second declension

1. pankration, a complete contest, an exercise of the Greek youths which combined both wrestling and boxing
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric I.5,14
   • Xenophanes 2(5).3
2. sea onion (Drimia maritima)
   • Pedanius Dioscorides, Materia Medica 2.203

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον; τοῦ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον tò pankrátion	τὼ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ω tṑ pankratíō	τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐᾰ tà pankrátia
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ου toû pankratíou	τοῖν πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́οιν toîn pankratíoin	τῶν πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ων tôn pankratíōn
Dative	τῷ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ῳ tôi pankratíōi	τοῖν πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́οιν toîn pankratíoin	τοῖς πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́οις toîs pankratíois
Accusative	τὸ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον tò pankrátion	τὼ πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ω tṑ pankratíō	τᾰ̀ πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐᾰ tà pankrátia
Vocative	πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐον pankrátion	πᾰγκρᾰτῐ́ω pankratíō	πᾰγκρᾰ́τῐᾰ pankrátia
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• πᾰγκρᾰτῐᾰ́ζω (pankratiázō)
• πᾰγκρᾰτῐᾰστής (pankratiastḗs)
• πᾰγκρᾰτῐᾰστῐκός (pankratiastikós)

 

Further reading

• “παγκράτιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “παγκράτιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• παγκράτιον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “παγκράτιον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• παγκράτιον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften