λοῖσθος

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

Uncertain etymology due to medial -θ-. Scheftelowitz posited *sloydʰ-to-, which is compared to Russian после́дний (poslédnij, “last, latest”), Lithuanian slýsti (“to glide”) and ὀλισθάνω (olisthánō, “to slip, slide”), but it is unlikely that the cluster preserved its aspiration for such a long time.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /lôi̯s.tʰos/ → /ˈlys.θos/ → /ˈlis.θos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /lôi̯s.tʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈlys.tʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈlys.θos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈlys.θos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈlis.θos/

Adjective

λοῖσθος • (loîsthos) m or f (neuter λοῖσθον); second declension

1. last, left behind, final

   Synonyms: ἔσχατος (éskhatos), ὕστατος (hústatos)

Declension

Second declension of λοῖσθος; λοῖσθον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		λοῖσθος loîsthos	λοῖσθον loîsthon		λοίσθω loísthō	λοίσθω loísthō		λοῖσθοι loîsthoi	λοῖσθᾰ loîsthă
Genitive		λοίσθου loísthou	λοίσθου loísthou		λοίσθοιν loísthoin	λοίσθοιν loísthoin		λοίσθων loísthōn	λοίσθων loísthōn
Dative		λοίσθῳ loísthōi	λοίσθῳ loísthōi		λοίσθοιν loísthoin	λοίσθοιν loísthoin		λοίσθοις loísthois	λοίσθοις loísthois
Accusative		λοῖσθον loîsthon	λοῖσθον loîsthon		λοίσθω loísthō	λοίσθω loísthō		λοίσθους loísthous	λοῖσθᾰ loîsthă
Vocative		λοῖσθε loîsthe	λοῖσθον loîsthon		λοίσθω loísthō	λοίσθω loísthō		λοῖσθοι loîsthoi	λοῖσθᾰ loîsthă
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		λοίσθως loísthōs			λοισθότερος loisthóteros			λοισθότᾰτος loisthótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• λοισθήϊος (loisthḗïos)
• λοίσθημα (loísthēma)
• λοίσθιος (loísthios)

Etymology 2

Greek λοστός (lostós, “lever”) seems to presuppose a pre-form *λοϊσθός (*loïsthós). Further unclear.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /lôi̯s.tʰos/ → /ˈlys.θos/ → /ˈlis.θos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /lôi̯s.tʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈlys.tʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈlys.θos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈlys.θos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈlis.θos/

Noun

λοῖσθος • (loîsthos) m (genitive λοίσθου); second declension

1. boom, gaff or spar

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ λοῖσθος; τοῦ λοίσθου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ λοῖσθος ho loîsthos	τὼ λοίσθω tṑ loísthō	οἱ λοῖσθοι hoi loîsthoi
Genitive	τοῦ λοίσθου toû loísthou	τοῖν λοίσθοιν toîn loísthoin	τῶν λοίσθων tôn loísthōn
Dative	τῷ λοίσθῳ tôi loísthōi	τοῖν λοίσθοιν toîn loísthoin	τοῖς λοίσθοις toîs loísthois
Accusative	τὸν λοῖσθον tòn loîsthon	τὼ λοίσθω tṑ loísthō	τοὺς λοίσθους toùs loísthous
Vocative	λοῖσθε loîsthe	λοίσθω loísthō	λοῖσθοι loîsthoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: λοστός (lostós)

Further reading

• “λοῖσθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “λοῖσθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “λοῖσθος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• λοῖσθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• λοῖσθος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN