κνίζω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The basis is κνιδ-, κνισ- (knid-, knis-), which points to a root that seems to be found in Baltic and Germanic verbs, like Latvian knidêt (“to itch, geminate, creep”), Old Norse hníta (“to push against”), Middle Irish cned (“wound”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kneyd-, from *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”). A root-final -t- is found as well, like in Lithuanian knìsti (“to scratch, itch, tickle”); a root-final -s- occurs in Lithuanian knisù (“to grub up”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kníz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkni.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkni.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkni.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkni.zo/
Verb
[edit]κνῐ́ζω • (knízō)
- to scratch, gash
- Synonym: κνήθω (knḗthō)
- to pound, chop up or grate
- to tickle, titillate
- Synonym: γᾰργᾰλῐ́ζω (gargalízō)
- (of feelings) to chafe, tease, provoke
Inflection
[edit] Present: κνῐ́ζω, κνῐ́ζομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔκνῐζον | ἔκνῐζες | ἔκνῐζε(ν) | ἐκνῐ́ζετον | ἐκνῐζέτην | ἐκνῐ́ζομεν | ἐκνῐ́ζετε | ἔκνῐζον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκνῐζόμην | ἐκνῐ́ζου | ἐκνῐ́ζετο | ἐκνῐ́ζεσθον | ἐκνῐζέσθην | ἐκνῐζόμεθᾰ | ἐκνῐ́ζεσθε | ἐκνῐ́ζοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Derived terms
[edit]- ἀποκνῐ́ζω (apoknízō)
- δῐᾰκνῐ́ζω (diaknízō)
- ἐπῐκνῐ́ζω (epiknízō)
- κᾰτᾰκνῐ́ζω (kataknízō)
- κνῐ́ζᾰ (kníza)
- κνῐ́ς (knís)
- κνῐ́σμᾰ (knísma)
- κνῐσμός (knismós)
- ὑποκνῐ́ζω (hupoknízō)
- φῐλόκνῐσος (philóknisos)
Further reading
[edit]- “κνίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κνίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κνίζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN