καβάλλης

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Like Latin caballus (“pack-horse”), is an Asiatic loan or Wanderwort. It has been compared with Proto-Slavic *kobýla (“mare”) and Persian کول (kaval, “second class horse of mixed blood”). Maybe borrowed from Proto-Iranian *kabah, *kabalah, compare Khotanese [script needed] (kabä, “horse”), and possibly cognate with Latin cabō (“gelding”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kebʰ- (“worn-out horse, nag”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ka.bál.lɛːs/ → /kaˈβal.lis/ → /kaˈva.lis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ka.bál.lɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kaˈbal.le̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /kaˈβal.lis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /kaˈval.lis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /kaˈva.lis/

Noun

κᾰβᾰ́λλης • (kăbắllēs) m (genitive κᾰβᾰ́λλου); first declension

1. nag, old and useless horse

Inflection

First declension of ὁ κᾰβᾰ́λλης; τοῦ κᾰβᾰ́λλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κᾰβᾰ́λλης ho kăbắllēs	τὼ κᾰβᾰ́λλᾱ tṑ kăbắllā	οἱ κᾰβᾰ́λλαι hoi kăbắllai
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰβᾰ́λλου toû kăbắllou	τοῖν κᾰβᾰ́λλαιν toîn kăbắllain	τῶν κᾰβᾰλλῶν tôn kăbăllôn
Dative	τῷ κᾰβᾰ́λλῃ tôi kăbắllēi	τοῖν κᾰβᾰ́λλαιν toîn kăbắllain	τοῖς κᾰβᾰ́λλαις toîs kăbắllais
Accusative	τὸν κᾰβᾰ́λλην tòn kăbắllēn	τὼ κᾰβᾰ́λλᾱ tṑ kăbắllā	τοὺς κᾰβᾰ́λλᾱς toùs kăbắllās
Vocative	κᾰβᾰ́λλη kăbắllē	κᾰβᾰ́λλᾱ kăbắllā	κᾰβᾰ́λλαι kăbắllai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• κᾰβᾰλλᾰρῐκός (kăbăllărĭkós)
• κᾰβᾰλλᾱ́τῐον (kăbăllā́tĭon)
• κᾰβᾰ́λλειον (kăbắlleion)

Further reading

• “καβάλλης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• καβάλλης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “καβάλλης”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 611