θαιρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, a technical term, which Brugmann derived from Proto-Hellenic *tʰwaryós, itself from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”). Compare θύρα (thúra, “door”).^[1]

On the other hand, Lubotsky and Mayrhofer derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *dʰurh₁- (“chariot pole”), and compare it with Hittite [script needed] (tūrii̯a-, “to harness”), Sanskrit धुर् (dhur, “yoke, pole”), and perhaps Tocharian A tursko (“draught ox”).^[2]^[3] Given the similarity in form and, to some extent, meaning between the two proto-Indo-European forms, it is possible they are connected.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰai̯.rós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tʰɛˈros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /θɛˈros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /θeˈros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /θeˈros/

Noun

θαιρός • (thairós) m (genitive θαιροῦ); second declension

pivot of a door or gate
axle of a chariot

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ θαιρός; τοῦ θαιροῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ θαιρός ho thairós	τὼ θαιρώ tṑ thairṓ	οἱ θαιροί hoi thairoí
Genitive	τοῦ θαιροῦ toû thairoû	τοῖν θαιροῖν toîn thairoîn	τῶν θαιρῶν tôn thairôn
Dative	τῷ θαιρῷ tôi thairôi	τοῖν θαιροῖν toîn thairoîn	τοῖς θαιροῖς toîs thairoîs
Accusative	τὸν θαιρόν tòn thairón	τὼ θαιρώ tṑ thairṓ	τοὺς θαιρούς toùs thairoús
Vocative	θαιρέ thairé	θαιρώ thairṓ	θαιροί thairoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

θαιραῖος (thairaîos)
θαιροδύτης (thairodútēs)

Descendants

Arabic: تِرْس (tirs)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 529
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 794
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 173