εἴρερος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unclear. Frisk argues against the connection with Latin servus (“servant, slave”), instead suggesting a basis *ϝερϝερος (*werweros), and connecting the word with Armenian գերեմ (gerem, “to take prisoner”). It is probably not related to εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find”), nor to ἀρύω (arúō, “to draw water”), although based on the meaning the word has been compared to Sanskrit ग्रहण (grahaṇa, “capture, seizing”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ěː.re.ros/ → /ˈi.re.ros/ → /ˈi.re.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ěː.re.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.re.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.re.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.re.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.re.ros/

Noun

εἴρερος • (eíreros) m (genitive εἰρέρου); second declension

1. slavery, bondage, captivity

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ εἴρερος; τοῦ εἰρέρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ εἴρερος ho eíreros	τὼ εἰρέρω tṑ eirérō	οἱ εἴρεροι hoi eíreroi
Genitive	τοῦ εἰρέρου toû eirérou	τοῖν εἰρέροιν toîn eiréroin	τῶν εἰρέρων tôn eirérōn
Dative	τῷ εἰρέρῳ tôi eirérōi	τοῖν εἰρέροιν toîn eiréroin	τοῖς εἰρέροις toîs eirérois
Accusative	τὸν εἴρερον tòn eíreron	τὼ εἰρέρω tṑ eirérō	τοὺς εἰρέρους toùs eirérous
Vocative	εἴρερε eírere	εἰρέρω eirérō	εἴρεροι eíreroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “εἴρερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “εἴρερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “εἴρερος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• εἴρερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• εἴρερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• εἴρερος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN