ἔσχατος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Possibly for Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs-katos, from ἐξ (ex, “out”). Compare with ἔγκατα (énkata, “intestines”) and the same difficulty in ἐχθός (ekhthós) = ἐκτός (ektós).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What is PIE *katos?”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /és.kʰa.tos/ → /ˈes.xa.tos/ → /ˈes.xa.tos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /és.kʰa.tos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈes.kʰa.tos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xa.tos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xa.tos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xa.tos/

Adjective

ἔσχᾰτος • (éskhatos) m (feminine ἐσχᾰ́τη, neuter ἔσχᾰτον); first/second declension

1. At one end of a continuum
   1. (of space) farthest, most remote [with genitive ‘from something or someone’]
      1. last, at the end
      2. at the back, hindmost
      3. lowest
      4. highest
      5. innermost
   2. (of time) last, final
   3. (of degree) extreme
   4. (of quality) best; worst
2. Neuter ἔσχᾰτον (éskhaton), as substantive: the end, the utmost, the worst

Inflection

First and second declension of ἔσχᾰτος; ἐσχᾰ́τη; ἔσχᾰτον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἔσχᾰτος éskhatos	ἐσχᾰ́τη eskhátē	ἔσχᾰτον éskhaton		ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱ eskhátā	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō		ἔσχᾰτοι éskhatoi	ἔσχᾰται éskhatai	ἔσχᾰτᾰ éskhata
Genitive		ἐσχᾰ́του eskhátou	ἐσχᾰ́της eskhátēs	ἐσχᾰ́του eskhátou		ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhátoin	ἐσχᾰ́ταιν eskhátain	ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhátoin		ἐσχᾰ́των eskhátōn	ἐσχᾰ́των eskhátōn	ἐσχᾰ́των eskhátōn
Dative		ἐσχᾰ́τῳ eskhátōi	ἐσχᾰ́τῃ eskhátēi	ἐσχᾰ́τῳ eskhátōi		ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhátoin	ἐσχᾰ́ταιν eskhátain	ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhátoin		ἐσχᾰ́τοις eskhátois	ἐσχᾰ́ταις eskhátais	ἐσχᾰ́τοις eskhátois
Accusative		ἔσχᾰτον éskhaton	ἐσχᾰ́την eskhátēn	ἔσχᾰτον éskhaton		ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱ eskhátā	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō		ἐσχᾰ́τους eskhátous	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱς eskhátās	ἔσχᾰτᾰ éskhata
Vocative		ἔσχᾰτε éskhate	ἐσχᾰ́τη eskhátē	ἔσχᾰτον éskhaton		ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱ eskhátā	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō		ἔσχᾰτοι éskhatoi	ἔσχᾰται éskhatai	ἔσχᾰτᾰ éskhata
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἐσχᾰ́τως eskhátōs				—				—
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “of time”): πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”)

Derived terms

• δευτερέσχατος (deuteréskhatos)
• ἐσχατάω (eskhatáō)
• ἐσχατεύω (eskhateúō)
• ἐσχατιά (eskhatiá)
• ἐσχατίζω (eskhatízō)
• ἐσχάτιος (eskhátios)
• ἐσχατιώτης (eskhatiṓtēs)
• ἐσχατόγηρος (eskhatógēros)
• ἐσχατόγηρως (eskhatógērōs)
• ἐσχατόεις (eskhatóeis)
• ἐσχατοκόλλιον (eskhatokóllion)
• πανέσχατος (panéskhatos)
• παρέσχατος (paréskhatos)
• περιέσχατα (periéskhata)

 

Descendants

• → Greek: έσχατος (éschatos) (learned)
• →⇒ English: eschatology
• → Laz: ესკატი (esǩaťi)

References

• “ἔσχατος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἔσχατος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἔσχατος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἔσχατος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἔσχατος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἔσχατος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2078 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • abject idem, page 2.
  • acute idem, page 10.
  • closing idem, page 139.
  • concluding idem, page 155.
  • distant idem, page 240.
  • end idem, page 272.
  • excruciating idem, page 289.
  • exquisite idem, page 296.
  • extreme idem, page 298.
  • extremity idem, page 298.
  • final idem, page 320.
  • furthest idem, page 350.
  • highest idem, page 400.
  • hind idem, page 400.
  • inmost idem, page 442.
  • last idem, page 477.
  • nethermost idem, page 556.
  • out of idem, page 581.
  • outermost idem, page 582.
  • outlying idem, page 582.
  • poignant idem, page 623.
  • remote idem, page 694.
  • stage idem, page 808.
  • supreme idem, page 842.
  • thorough-going idem, page 868.
  • ultimate idem, page 905.
  • utmost idem, page 941.
  • utter idem, page 941.
  • uttermost idem, page 941.
  • verge idem, page 948.
  • worst idem, page 990.