γράβιον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From a non-Indo-European Balkan substrate word meaning "beech, oak", found also in Greek γάβρος (gávros, “hornbeam”), Ancient Greek κράββατος (krábbatos, “couch, mattress”), Russian граб (grab, “hornbeam”), and Old Prussian wosigrabis. Furnée further compares γοβρίαι (gobríai, “torches”), which cannot be ignored.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡrá.bi.on/ → /ˈɣra.βi.on/ → /ˈɣra.vi.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡrá.bi.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡra.bi.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɣra.βi.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈɣra.vi.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈɣra.vi.on/

Noun

γρᾰ́βῐον • (grắbĭon) n (genitive γρᾰβῐ́ου); second declension

1. torch, brand

   Synonyms: γρῡνός (grūnós), δαΐς (daḯs), δᾰ́ος (dắos), ἑλένη (helénē), λαμπάς (lampás), λοφνίς (lophnís), πανός (panós), πυρσός (pursós), φανή (phanḗ), φρῠκτός (phrŭktós)

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ γρᾰ́βῐον; τοῦ γρᾰβῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ γρᾰ́βῐον tò grắbĭon	τὼ γρᾰβῐ́ω tṑ grăbĭ́ō	τᾰ̀ γρᾰ́βῐᾰ tằ grắbĭă
Genitive	τοῦ γρᾰβῐ́ου toû grăbĭ́ou	τοῖν γρᾰβῐ́οιν toîn grăbĭ́oin	τῶν γρᾰβῐ́ων tôn grăbĭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ γρᾰβῐ́ῳ tôi grăbĭ́ōi	τοῖν γρᾰβῐ́οιν toîn grăbĭ́oin	τοῖς γρᾰβῐ́οις toîs grăbĭ́ois
Accusative	τὸ γρᾰ́βῐον tò grắbĭon	τὼ γρᾰβῐ́ω tṑ grăbĭ́ō	τᾰ̀ γρᾰ́βῐᾰ tằ grắbĭă
Vocative	γρᾰ́βῐον grắbĭon	γρᾰβῐ́ω grăbĭ́ō	γρᾰ́βῐᾰ grắbĭă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “γράβιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• γράβιον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γράβιον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)