βαρυθυμία

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From βᾰρῠ́θῡμος (bărŭ́thūmos, “sullen”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā), from βᾰρῠ́ς (bărŭ́s, “heavy, grievous”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ba.ry.tʰyː.mí.aː/ → /βa.ry.θyˈmi.a/ → /va.ri.θiˈmi.a/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ba.ry.tʰyː.mí.aː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ba.ry.tʰyˈmi.a/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /βa.ry.θyˈmi.a/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /va.ry.θyˈmi.a/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /va.ri.θiˈmi.a/

Noun

βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (bărŭthūmĭ́ā) f (genitive βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension

1. sullenness
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Virtues and Vices 6.2
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Gaius Marius 40

Inflection

First declension of ἡ βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ; τῆς βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ hē bărŭthūmĭ́ā	τὼ βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ tṑ bărŭthūmĭ́ā	αἱ βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́αι hai bărŭthūmĭ́ai
Genitive	τῆς βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱς tês bărŭthūmĭ́ās	τοῖν βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́αιν toîn bărŭthūmĭ́ain	τῶν βᾰρῠθῡμῐῶν tôn bărŭthūmĭôn
Dative	τῇ βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾳ têi bărŭthūmĭ́āi	τοῖν βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́αιν toîn bărŭthūmĭ́ain	ταῖς βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́αις taîs bărŭthūmĭ́ais
Accusative	τὴν βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱν tḕn bărŭthūmĭ́ān	τὼ βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ tṑ bărŭthūmĭ́ā	τᾱ̀ς βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱς tā̀s bărŭthūmĭ́ās
Vocative	βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ bărŭthūmĭ́ā	βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ bărŭthūmĭ́ā	βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́αι bărŭthūmĭ́ai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

• “βαρυθυμία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “βαρυθυμία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• βαρυθυμία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• βαρυθυμία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)