Τίγρης

See also: τίγρης

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• Τῐ́γρῐς (Tígris)

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (t-i-g-r-a /⁠Tigrā⁠/), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^ÍDIdiqlat) from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^ÍDIdigna, ^ÍDIdigina, literally “fast as an arrow”), because Tigris is rough and fast flowing compared to the neighboring Euphrates. Compare with Classical Syriac ܕܩܠܬ (deqlāṯ), Old Armenian Դգլաթ (Dglatʻ), Arabic دِجْلَة (dijla), Hebrew חידקל / חִדֶּקֶל (ḥiddéqel)), all borrowed from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^ÍDIdiqlat).

Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (Arvand, “Tigris”, literally “swift”) (compare Avestan -𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙 (-a^uruuant)). Compare also Achaemenid Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (ti-ig-ra).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tí.ɡrɛːs/ → /ˈti.ɣris/ → /ˈti.ɣris/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tí.ɡrɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɡre̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɣris/

Proper noun

Τῐ́γρης • (Tígrēs) m (genitive Τῐ́γρητος); third declension

1. the river Tigris

   Synonym: Σόλλᾰξ (Sóllax)

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ Τῐ́γρης; τοῦ Τῐ́γρητος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ Τῐ́γρης ho Tígrēs
Genitive	τοῦ Τῐ́γρητος toû Tígrētos
Dative	τῷ Τῐ́γρητῐ tôi Tígrēti
Accusative	τὸν Τῐ́γρητᾰ tòn Tígrēta
Vocative	Τῐ́γρης Tígrēs
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Descendants

• Greek: Τίγρης (Tígris), Τίγρητας (Tígritas)
• → Armenian: Տիգրիս (Tigris)
• → Latin: Tigris (see there for further descendants)

References

• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,028