šarrum

Akkadian

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *śarār- (“to rule over”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew שַׂר (śar, “ruler, captain, official”).

Pronunciation

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /ˈʃar.rum/

Noun

šarrum m (construct state šar or šarri, pronominal state šarra, plural šarrū or šarrānū, feminine šarratum) (from Old Akkadian on)

1. king

   𒈗 𒉿𒀀𒄠 𒅖𒆪𒉆 [šarrum piam iškunam] ― LUGAL pi-a-am iš-ku-nam ― The king gave me an order.

Alternative forms

• šarru (non-mimated)
• śarrum (Old Akkadian)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒈗 (LUGAL) (Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) 𒈗𒂊 (LUGAL.E) (mostly Middle Assyrian and Neo-Assyrian) 𒎙 (MAN, 20) 𒁈 (BARA₂) 𒐈𒎙 (3+20, 180+20, EŠŠANA) (once) 𒄘𒃲 (GU₂.GAL) 𒄑𒊷 (GIŠ.GIŠIMMAR)	𒊬𒊒𒌝 (šar-ru-um) 𒊬𒀸 (šar-rum) 𒊬𒊒 (šar-ru) 𒃻𒅈𒊒 (ša₂-ar-ru) (accusative) 𒊬𒊏𒄠 (šar-ra-am) (genitive) 𒊬𒊑𒅎 (šar-ri-im)

Derived terms

• šarratum
• šarrūtum

References

• “šarru”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[1], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
• Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “šarru(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag