íadaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *eɸidāti, a prefixed derivative of *dāti (“to give”). Both the prefix *eɸi- and the simplex verb *dāti fell out of use in Old Irish, leading to the compound verb being univerbated out of unfamiliarity.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈiːa̯ðɨðʲ]

Verb

íadaid (prototonic ·íada, verbal noun íadad)

1. to close, shut

   Synonym: dúnaid

   Antonym: as·oilgi

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 32^c13

     Is and didiu bieit a namait fo achossaib-som in tain n-eidfider carcar ifirnn for demnib et pecthachaib.

     Then, indeed, will His enemies be under His feet when the dungeon of Hell shall be shut over devils and sinners.

   • c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe, TBC-YBL 393

     Íadais indala súil connarbo lethiu andás cró snáthaidi; as·oilg alaile comba mor béolu fid-chóich.

     He closed one eye so that it was no wider than the eye of a needle; he opened the other until it was as large as the mouth of a mead-goblet.

2. to fasten

Inflection

Simple, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive

		1st sg	2nd sg	3rd sg	1st pl	2nd pl	3rd pl	passive sg	passive pl
present indicative	abs.
	conj.			·íada
	rel.
imperfect indicative
preterite	abs.			íadais
	conj.			·íad
	rel.
perfect	deut.			ro·íad
	prot.
future	abs.								íadfaitir
	conj.			·íadfa				·éidfider
	rel.
conditional
present subjunctive	abs.
	conj.			·íada
	rel.
past subjunctive
imperative
verbal noun		íadad
past participle		íatta
verbal of necessity

Descendants

• Middle Irish: íadaid
  • Irish: iaigh
  • Scottish Gaelic: iadh

Mutation

Mutation of íadaid

radical	lenition	nasalization
íadaid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-íadaid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “íadaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language