étrum
Old Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From é- (“un-”) + trom (“heavy”), literally “unheavy”.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]étrum (comparative étrummu)
- light (not heavy)
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20a19
- .i. cid etrum aicned ind reto dia·tormastar a mét do·gní trumai ndo iarum in met-sin.
- Although the nature of the thing may be light, if its quantity should be increased, that quantity causes heaviness to it afterwards.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 10a8
- .c .t .p. is airi as·bertar étrumma ⁊ slemna huare nád·techtad tinfeth.
- C, T, and P are thus called "light" and "smooth" because they have no aspiration.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20a19
Inflection
[edit]| o/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | étrum | étrum | étrum |
| Vocative | étruimm* étrum** | ||
| Accusative | étrum | étruimm | |
| Genitive | étruimm | étruimme | étruimm |
| Dative | étrum | étruimm | étrum |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
| Nominative | étruimm | étrumma | |
| Vocative | étrummu étrumma† | ||
| Accusative | étrummu étrumma† | ||
| Genitive | étrum | ||
| Dative | étrummaib | ||
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative | ||
Descendants
[edit]Mutation
[edit]| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| étrum (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-étrum |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “étromm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language