thừa
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Vietnamese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˦˩]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]
Audio (Hà Nội): (file)
Etymology 1
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 剩. The reading fails to retain the final consonant in Middle Chinese 剩 (zyingH), which seems to be unique to Vietnamese (compare Mandarin 剩 (shèng), Cantonese 剩 (sing6, zing6), Japanese じょう (jō) and Korean 승 (seung)). The one that does, thặng, only occurs in the word thặng dư or colloquial adjective thượng thặng (“first-degree, top-level”). This failure to retain the final consonant also occurs for thừa below.
Alternatively, Haudricourt (1954) suggests that thừa is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 餘 (“left over, extra”, SV: dư).[1]
Adjective
[edit]thừa
- more than needed; left over, redundant, superfluous
- Synonym: dư
- Bỏ đồ thừa trong tủ lạnh.
- Put the leftovers in the fridge.
- Mẹ dặn không có thừa đâu!
- What mother's advising you is not redundant!
Adverb
[edit]thừa
- (only in fixed expressions) more than enough
- thừa biết ~ biết thừa
- to know fully well; to be fully aware; to be the first one to acknowledge; to know, of all people
- (literally, “to know more than enough”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 乘.
Verb
[edit]thừa
- (only in fixed expressions) to take advantage of (an opportunity)
Derived terms
[edit]- thừa cơ (“to seize an opportunity”)
- thừa thắng (“to seize the opportunities that result from a recent victory”)
- thừa thế (“to take advantage of the current situation”)
Etymology 3
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 承.
Verb
[edit]thừa
Derived terms
[edit]- giao thừa (交承, “New Year's Eve”)
- thừa hưởng (承享, “to be in possession (of); to inherit”)
- thừa kế (承繼, “to inherit”)
- thừa nhận (承認, “to recognise (faults, etc.); to admit; to acknowledge”)
- Thừa Thiên Huế (“a province of Vietnam”)
- Thừa Thiên (承天, “(history) a feudal province of Vietnam”)
Noun
[edit]thừa
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ André-Georges Haudricourt. "Comment reconstruire le chinois archaïque", Word 10(2/3). 351–364 (1954). Reprinted (with additions) 1 in Problèmes de phonologie diachronique: 161-182. Translated in 2017 by Guillaume Jacques. draft
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