thừa

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Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Sino-Vietnamese word from . The reading fails to retain the final consonant in Middle Chinese (zyingH), which seems to be unique to Vietnamese (compare Mandarin (shèng), Cantonese (sing6, zing6), Japanese じょ () and Korean (seung)). The one that does, thặng, only occurs in the word thặng dư or colloquial adjective thượng thặng (first-degree, top-level). This failure to retain the final consonant also occurs for thừa below.

Alternatively, Haudricourt (1954) suggests that thừa is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese (left over, extra, SV: ).[1]

Adjective

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thừa

  1. more than needed; left over, redundant, superfluous
    Synonym:
    Bỏ đồ thừa trong tủ lạnh.
    Put the leftovers in the fridge.
    Mẹ dặn không có thừa đâu!
    What mother's advising you is not redundant!

Adverb

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thừa

  1. (only in fixed expressions) more than enough
    thừa biết ~ biết thừa
    to know fully well; to be fully aware; to be the first one to acknowledge; to know, of all people
    (literally, “to know more than enough”)

Etymology 2

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Sino-Vietnamese word from .

Verb

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thừa

  1. (only in fixed expressions) to take advantage of (an opportunity)
Derived terms
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  • thừa cơ (to seize an opportunity)
  • thừa thắng (to seize the opportunities that result from a recent victory)
  • thừa thế (to take advantage of the current situation)

Etymology 3

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Sino-Vietnamese word from .

Verb

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thừa

  1. to inherit; to receive
Derived terms
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Noun

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thừa

  1. (poetry, comics) shō
See also
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References

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  1. ^ André-Georges Haudricourt. "Comment reconstruire le chinois archaïque", Word 10(2/3). 351–364 (1954). Reprinted (with additions) 1 in Problèmes de phonologie diachronique: 161-182. Translated in 2017 by Guillaume Jacques. draft