Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti
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Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieiti, “to heat”).
Verb
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*topľenьje | *topiti | *topitъ | *topilъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *topľenъ | *topimъ |
Active | *topľь | *topę |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *topixъ | *topi | *topi | *topľǫ | *topiši | *topitь |
Dual | *topixově | *topista | *topiste | *topivě | *topita | *topite |
Plural | *topixomъ | *topiste | *topišę | *topimъ | *topite | *topętь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *topľaaxъ | *topľaaše | *topľaaše | — | *topi | *topi |
Dual | *topľaaxově | *topľaašeta | *topľaašete | *topivě | *topita | — |
Plural | *topľaaxomъ | *topľaašete | *topľaaxǫ | *topimъ | *topite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: topi (“to melt”)
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*topìti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “topiti: topjǫ topitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c smelte; drukne (SA 260; PR 140)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “topiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *topi̋ti ‛s segrevanjem raztapljati’”
Further reading
[edit]- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “тёплый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 236
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “топи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Etymology 2
[edit]Unclear. Vasmer suggests a possible connection with Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʻatʻawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”), but notes that it's quite conjectural. Trubachev notes that Zubaty and Stang suggest a connection with Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”), Latvian tapt (“to become, to get infected”), effectively from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taptéi (“to get stuck”) + *-iti.
Verb
[edit]*topìti impf (perfective *topnǫti)[1][2]
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*topľenьje | *topiti | *topitъ | *topilъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *topľenъ | *topimъ |
Active | *topľь | *topę |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *topixъ | *topi | *topi | *topľǫ | *topiši | *topitь |
Dual | *topixově | *topista | *topiste | *topivě | *topita | *topite |
Plural | *topixomъ | *topiste | *topišę | *topimъ | *topite | *topętь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *topľaaxъ | *topľaaše | *topľaaše | — | *topi | *topi |
Dual | *topľaaxově | *topľaašeta | *topľaašete | *topivě | *topita | — |
Plural | *topľaaxomъ | *topľaašete | *topľaaxǫ | *topimъ | *topite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
[edit]- *potopъ (“deluge”)
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*topìti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “-topiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *topi̋ti ‛potapljati’”
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “топи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Categories:
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tep-
- Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic verbs
- Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs
- sla-conj with extra parameters/n
- Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-
- Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c
- Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti