-tlen

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See also: tlen

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Derived as a shortening of -telen (-less, without).[1] See the Usage notes section below.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-tlen (comparative -tlenebb, superlative leg- -tlenebb)

  1. (adjective-forming suffix) -less, un-, dis- (a privative suffix added to a noun or an adjective to form adjectives with a meaning of lacking something)
    felhő (cloud) + ‎-tlen → ‎felhőtlen (cloudless)
    (faithful) + ‎-tlen → ‎tlen (unfaithful)

Usage notes

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  • (adjective-forming suffix) Variants:
    -talan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
    -telen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
    -tlan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
    -tlen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -atlan is added to back-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
    -etlen is added to front-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
  • Using two different suffix variants with the same stem may result in different meanings:
    gond (care)gondtalan (carefree)
    gond (care)gondatlan (careless)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative -tlen -tlenek
accusative -tlent -tleneket
dative -tlennek -tleneknek
instrumental -tlennel -tlenekkel
causal-final -tlenért -tlenekért
translative -tlenné -tlenekké
terminative -tlenig -tlenekig
essive-formal -tlenként -tlenekként
essive-modal -tlenül -tlenekül
inessive -tlenben -tlenekben
superessive -tlenen -tleneken
adessive -tlennél -tleneknél
illative -tlenbe -tlenekbe
sublative -tlenre -tlenekre
allative -tlenhez -tlenekhez
elative -tlenből -tlenekből
delative -tlenről -tlenekről
ablative -tlentől -tlenektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular
-tlené -tleneké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
-tlenéi -tlenekéi

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ -tlen in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)