-άω

See also: ἄω and ἀῶ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti. Cognates include Latin -āre (the whole first conjugation in the present) together with its Proto-Italic ancestor *-āō, -अयति (-ayati) (for the causative in Sanskrit), Proto-Celtic *-āti, Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring again to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /á.ɔː/ → /ˈa.o/ → /ˈa.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.o/

Suffix

-ᾰ́ω • (-áō)

1. Forms verbs, usually from nouns in -ᾱ (-ā), -η (-ē)

Inflection

   Present: -ᾰ́ω, -ᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ᾰ́ω	-ᾰ́εις	-ᾰ́ει	-ᾰ́ετον	-ᾰ́ετον	-ᾰ́ομεν	-ᾰ́ετε	-ᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	-ᾰ́ω	-ᾰ́ῃς	-ᾰ́ῃ	-ᾰ́ητον	-ᾰ́ητον	-ᾰ́ωμεν	-ᾰ́ητε	-ᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	-ᾰ́οιμῐ	-ᾰ́οις	-ᾰ́οι	-ᾰ́οιτον	-ᾰοίτην	-ᾰ́οιμεν	-ᾰ́οιτε	-ᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		-ᾰε	-ᾰέτω	-ᾰ́ετον	-ᾰέτων		-ᾰ́ετε	-ᾰόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	-ᾰ́ομαι	-ᾰ́ῃ, -ᾰ́ει	-ᾰ́εται	-ᾰ́εσθον	-ᾰ́εσθον	-ᾰόμεθᾰ	-ᾰ́εσθε	-ᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	-ᾰ́ωμαι	-ᾰ́ῃ	-ᾰ́ηται	-ᾰ́ησθον	-ᾰ́ησθον	-ᾰώμεθᾰ	-ᾰ́ησθε	-ᾰ́ωνται
	optative	-ᾰοίμην	-ᾰ́οιο	-ᾰ́οιτο	-ᾰ́οισθον	-ᾰοίσθην	-ᾰοίμεθᾰ	-ᾰ́οισθε	-ᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		-ᾰ́ου	-ᾰέσθω	-ᾰ́εσθον	-ᾰέσθων		-ᾰ́εσθε	-ᾰέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		-ᾰ́ειν				-ᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m	-ᾰ́ων				-ᾰόμενος
	f	-ᾰ́ουσᾰ				-ᾰομένη
	n	-ᾰ́ον				-ᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: -ῶ, -ῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ῶ	-ᾷς	-ᾷ	-ᾶτον	-ᾶτον	-ῶμεν	-ᾶτε	-ῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	-ῶ	-ᾷς	-ᾷ	-ᾶτον	-ᾶτον	-ῶμεν	-ᾶτε	-ῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	-ῴην, -ῷμῐ	-ῴης, -ῷς	-ῴη, -ῷ	-ῷτον, -ῴητον	-ῴτην, -ῳήτην	-ῷμεν, -ῴημεν	-ῷτε, -ῴητε	-ῷεν, -ῴησᾰν
	imperative		-ᾱ	-ᾱ́τω	-ᾶτον	-ᾱ́των		-ᾶτε	-ώντων
middle/ passive	indicative	-ῶμαι	-ᾷ	-ᾶται	-ᾶσθον	-ᾶσθον	-ώμεθᾰ	-ᾶσθε	-ῶνται
	subjunctive	-ῶμαι	-ᾷ	-ᾶται	-ᾶσθον	-ᾶσθον	-ώμεθᾰ	-ᾶσθε	-ῶνται
	optative	-ῴμην	-ῷο	-ῷτο	-ῷσθον	-ῴσθην	-ῴμεθᾰ	-ῷσθε	-ῷντο
	imperative		-ῶ	-ᾱ́σθω	-ᾶσθον	-ᾱ́σθων		-ᾶσθε	-ᾱ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		-ᾶν				-ᾶσθαι
participle	m	-ῶν				-ώμενος
	f	-ῶσᾰ				-ωμένη
	n	-ῶν				-ώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: -ᾰον, -ᾰόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ᾰον	-ᾰες	-ᾰε(ν)	-ᾰ́ετον	-ᾰέτην	-ᾰ́ομεν	-ᾰ́ετε	-ᾰον
middle/ passive	indicative	-ᾰόμην	-ᾰ́ου	-ᾰ́ετο	-ᾰ́εσθον	-ᾰέσθην	-ᾰόμεθᾰ	-ᾰ́εσθε	-ᾰ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: -ων, -ώμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ων	-ᾱς	-ᾱ	-ᾶτον	-ᾱ́την	-ῶμεν	-ᾶτε	-ων
middle/ passive	indicative	-ώμην	-ῶ	-ᾶτο	-ᾶσθον	-ᾱ́σθην	-ώμεθᾰ	-ᾶσθε	-ῶντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: -ήσω, -ήσομαι, -ησθήσομαι Attic

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ήσω	-ήσεις	-ήσει	-ήσετον	-ήσετον	-ήσομεν	-ήσετε	-ήσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	-ήσοιμῐ	-ήσοις	-ήσοι	-ήσοιτον	-ησοίτην	-ήσοιμεν	-ήσοιτε	-ήσοιεν
middle	indicative	-ήσομαι	-ήσῃ, -ήσει	-ήσεται	-ήσεσθον	-ήσεσθον	-ησόμεθᾰ	-ήσεσθε	-ήσονται
	optative	-ησοίμην	-ήσοιο	-ήσοιτο	-ήσοισθον	-ησοίσθην	-ησοίμεθᾰ	-ήσοισθε	-ήσοιντο
passive	indicative	-ησθήσομαι	-ησθήσῃ	-ησθήσεται	-ησθήσεσθον	-ησθήσεσθον	-ησθησόμεθᾰ	-ησθήσεσθε	-ησθήσονται
	optative	-ησθησοίμην	-ησθήσοιο	-ησθήσοιτο	-ησθήσοισθον	-ησθησοίσθην	-ησθησοίμεθᾰ	-ησθήσοισθε	-ησθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		-ήσειν			-ήσεσθαι		-ησθήσεσθαι
participle	m	-ήσων			-ησόμενος		-ησθησόμενος
	f	-ήσουσᾰ			-ησομένη		-ησθησομένη
	n	-ῆσον			-ησόμενον		-ησθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: -ησᾰ, -ησᾰ́μην, -ήσθην Attic

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ησᾰ	-ησᾰς	-ησε(ν)	-ήσᾰτον	-ησᾰ́την	-ήσᾰμεν	-ήσᾰτε	-ησᾰν
	subjunctive	-ήσω	-ήσῃς	-ήσῃ	-ήσητον	-ήσητον	-ήσωμεν	-ήσητε	-ήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	-ήσαιμῐ	-ήσειᾰς, -ήσαις	-ήσειε(ν), -ήσαι	-ήσαιτον	-ησαίτην	-ήσαιμεν	-ήσαιτε	-ήσειᾰν, -ήσαιεν
	imperative		-ησον	-ησᾰ́τω	-ήσᾰτον	-ησᾰ́των		-ήσᾰτε	-ησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	-ησᾰ́μην	-ήσω	-ήσᾰτο	-ήσᾰσθον	-ησᾰ́σθην	-ησᾰ́μεθᾰ	-ήσᾰσθε	-ήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	-ήσωμαι	-ήσῃ	-ήσηται	-ήσησθον	-ήσησθον	-ησώμεθᾰ	-ήσησθε	-ήσωνται
	optative	-ησαίμην	-ήσαιο	-ήσαιτο	-ήσαισθον	-ησαίσθην	-ησαίμεθᾰ	-ήσαισθε	-ήσαιντο
	imperative		-ησαι	-ησᾰ́σθω	-ήσᾰσθον	-ησᾰ́σθων		-ήσᾰσθε	-ησᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	-ήσθην	-ήσθης	-ήσθη	-ήσθητον	-ησθήτην	-ήσθημεν	-ήσθητε	-ήσθησᾰν
	subjunctive	-ησθῶ	-ησθῇς	-ησθῇ	-ησθῆτον	-ησθῆτον	-ησθῶμεν	-ησθῆτε	-ησθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	-ησθείην	-ησθείης	-ησθείη	-ησθεῖτον, -ησθείητον	-ησθείτην, -ησθειήτην	-ησθεῖμεν, -ησθείημεν	-ησθεῖτε, -ησθείητε	-ησθεῖεν, -ησθείησᾰν
	imperative		-ήσθητῐ	-ησθήτω	-ήσθητον	-ησθήτων		-ήσθητε	-ησθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		-ῆσαι			-ήσᾰσθαι		-ησθῆναι
participle	m	-ήσᾱς			-ησᾰ́μενος		-ησθείς
	f	-ήσᾱσᾰ			-ησᾰμένη		-ησθεῖσᾰ
	n	-ῆσᾰν			-ησᾰ́μενον		-ησθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: -ηκᾰ, -ημαι Attic

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ηκᾰ	-ηκᾰς	-ηκε(ν)	-ήκᾰτον	-ήκᾰτον	-ήκᾰμεν	-ήκᾰτε	-ήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	-ήκω	-ήκῃς	-ήκῃ	-ήκητον	-ήκητον	-ήκωμεν	-ήκητε	-ήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	-ήκοιμῐ, -ηκοίην	-ήκοις, -ηκοίης	-ήκοι, -ηκοίη	-ήκοιτον	-ηκοίτην	-ήκοιμεν	-ήκοιτε	-ήκοιεν
	imperative		-ηκε	-ηκέτω	-ήκετον	-ηκέτων		-ήκετε	-ηκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	-ημαι	-ησαι	-ηται	-ησθον	-ησθον	-ήμεθᾰ	-ησθε	-ηνται
	subjunctive	-ημένος ὦ	-ημένος ᾖς	-ημένος ᾖ	-ημένω ἦτον	-ημένω ἦτον	-ημένοι ὦμεν	-ημένοι ἦτε	-ημένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	-ημένος εἴην	-ημένος εἴης	-ημένος εἴη	-ημένω εἴητον/εἶτον	-ημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	-ημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	-ημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	-ημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		-ησο	-ήσθω	-ησθον	-ήσθων		-ησθε	-ήσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		-ηκέναι				-ῆσθαι
participle	m	-ηκώς				-ημένος
	f	-ηκυῖᾰ				-ημένη
	n	-ηκός				-ημένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: -ήκειν, -ήμην Attic

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	-ήκειν, -ήκη	-ήκεις, -ήκης	-ήκει(ν)	-ήκετον	-ηκέτην	-ήκεμεν	-ήκετε	-ήκεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	-ήμην	-ησο	-ητο	-ησθον	-ήσθην	-ήμεθᾰ	-ησθε	-ηντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -άω

Greek

Etymology

Modern metaplasm of the ending of 2nd Conjugation, Class I verbs in -ώ (-ó), in the pattern of the 3rd person singular -άει. Thus, frequently coinciding with an ancient uncontracted ending -άω (-áō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.o/

Suffix

-άω • (-áo)

1. modern alternative ending for 2nd Conjugation, Class I verbs in -ώ:

   αγαπώ (agapó) ("I love") → αγαπάω (agapáo)

Usage notes

• For 2nd Conjugation, Class I, the -άω (-áo) ending is less formal and more common than the -ώ ending. Sometimes they are interchangeable. Rarely is the -ώ ending more common.

Related terms

• -ώ (-ó), -ῶ (pre 1982 polytonic script for the 2nd Conjugation verb endings)
• -ω (-o, 1st conjugation verb ending)