犯
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]犯 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 47212, composition ⿰犭㔾)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 706, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
- Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 8
- Unihan data for U+72AF
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
犯 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 犯 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘 ().
Etymology
[edit]"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.
This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects. However, there are still some dialects that retain this feature, such as Meixian and Teochew dialect. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆 and 風.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fan4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фан (fan, III)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): faan6 / faan6-2
- Gan (Wiktionary): fan5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): fan3
- Northern Min (KCR): huāng
- Eastern Min (BUC): huâng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ve
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan5 / fan4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fàn
- Wade–Giles: fan4
- Yale: fàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fann
- Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fan4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fan
- Sinological IPA (key): /fan²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фан (fan, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: faan6 / faan6-2
- Yale: faahn / fáan
- Cantonese Pinyin: faan6 / faan6-2
- Guangdong Romanization: fan6 / fan6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /faːn²²/, /faːn²²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: faan6-2 - noun only.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fan5
- Sinological IPA (key): /fan¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
- Hakka Romanization System: fam
- Hagfa Pinyim: fam4
- Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: fan3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /haŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn
- Tâi-lô: huǎn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
- Tâi-lô: huān
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang6 / huam6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huăm
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- huang6 - Shantou;
- huam6 - Chaozhou.
Note:
- fan5 - vernacular;
- fan4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: bjomX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*bomʔ/
Definitions
[edit]犯
- to infringe on; to attack; to encroach
- to commit (crime); to violate
- 犯罪 ― fànzuì ― to commit crime
- criminal; offender; culprit
- to happen; to break out (usually something wrong or bad)
- to brave; to face; to withstand
- to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of
Synonyms
[edit]- (to violate):
- (criminal):
- (to be worth):
Descendants
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不作為犯/不作为犯
- 不是風犯/不是风犯
- 不犯
- 不犯尋思/不犯寻思
- 不犯王法
- 不犯著
- 主犯 (zhǔfàn)
- 互不侵犯
- 人犯 (rénfàn)
- 作奸犯科 (zuòjiānfànkē)
- 作姦犯科/作奸犯科 (zuòjiānfànkē)
- 作為犯/作为犯
- 來犯/来犯 (láifàn)
- 侵犯 (qīnfàn)
- 偶犯
- 傾巢來犯/倾巢来犯
- 兇犯/凶犯 (xiōngfàn)
- 內犯/内犯
- 共同正犯 (gòngtóng zhèngfàn)
- 共犯 (gòngfàn)
- 共犯罪
- 再犯 (zàifàn)
- 再犯率
- 冒犯 (màofàn)
- 冒險犯難/冒险犯难
- 凜然難犯/凛然难犯
- 凶犯 (xiōngfàn)
- 刑事犯
- 初犯 (chūfàn)
- 前科犯 (qiánkēfàn)
- 匪犯
- 原犯
- 各不相犯
- 同案犯 (tóng'ànfàn)
- 單行犯/单行犯
- 囚犯 (qiúfàn)
- 女犯
- 嫌犯 (xiánfàn)
- 嫌疑犯 (xiányífàn)
- 子犯
- 少年犯 (shàoniánfàn)
- 少年犯罪 (shàonián fànzuì)
- 常業犯/常业犯
- 干名犯義
- 干犯 (gānfàn)
- 從犯/从犯 (cóngfàn)
- 性侵犯 (xìngqīnfàn)
- 性犯罪 (xìngfànzuì)
- 惱犯/恼犯
- 慣犯/惯犯 (guànfàn)
- 慣行犯/惯行犯
- 戰犯/战犯 (zhànfàn)
- 戰犯法庭/战犯法庭
- 打牙犯嘴
- 投手犯規/投手犯规
- 技術犯規/技术犯规
- 政治犯 (zhèngzhìfàn)
- 故犯 (gùfàn)
- 教唆犯 (jiàosuōfàn)
- 既遂犯
- 明知故犯 (míngzhīgùfàn)
- 智能犯罪
- 暴力犯罪
- 有犯無隱/有犯无隐
- 未決犯/未决犯
- 未遂犯
- 欽犯/钦犯 (qīnfàn)
- 正犯 (zhèngfàn)
- 殺人犯/杀人犯 (shārénfàn)
- 毫毛不犯
- 沖犯/冲犯 (chōngfàn)
- 流竄犯/流窜犯
- 瀆犯/渎犯
- 牽連犯/牵连犯 (qiānliánfàn)
- 犯上 (fànshàng)
- 犯上作亂/犯上作乱
- 犯不上
- 犯不是
- 犯不著 (fànbùzháo)
- 犯事 (fànshì)
- 犯人 (fànrén)
- 犯傻
- 犯刺兒/犯刺儿
- 犯勁/犯劲
- 犯土
- 犯境
- 犯夜
- 犯奸
- 犯對/犯对
- 犯得上 (fàndeshàng)
- 犯得著 (fàndezháo)
- 犯忌
- 犯忌諱/犯忌讳
- 犯惡/犯恶
- 犯意 (fànyì)
- 犯愁 (fànchóu)
- 犯戒 (fànjiè)
- 犯拙
- 犯案 (fàn'àn)
- 犯款
- 犯歲/犯岁
- 犯毒
- 犯法 (fànfǎ)
- 犯法違理/犯法违理
- 犯渾/犯浑 (fànhún)
- 犯潮
- 犯牙兒/犯牙儿
- 犯牛勁/犯牛劲
- 犯由
- 犯疑
- 犯病 (fànbìng)
- 犯的上
- 犯相
- 犯禁 (fànjìn)
- 犯科 (fànkē)
- 犯節氣/犯节气
- 犯罪 (fànzuì)
- 犯罪團伙
- 犯罪學/犯罪学 (fànzuìxué)
- 犯罪率 (fànzuìlǜ)
- 犯罪現場/犯罪现场 (fànzuì xiànchǎng)
- 犯罪者 (fànzuìzhě)
- 犯罪行為/犯罪行为 (fànzuì xíngwéi)
- 犯罪集團/犯罪集团
- 犯而不校
- 犯脾氣/犯脾气 (fàn píqi)
- 犯舌
- 犯規/犯规 (fànguī)
- 犯言
- 犯調/犯调
- 犯諱/犯讳
- 犯賤/犯贱 (fànjiàn)
- 犯蹕/犯跸
- 犯過/犯过
- 犯錯/犯错 (fàncuò)
- 犯闕/犯阙
- 犯關排闥/犯关排闼
- 犯難/犯难
- 犯順/犯顺
- 犯顏/犯颜 (fànyán)
- 犯顏苦諫/犯颜苦谏
- 犯鱗/犯鳞
- 現行犯/现行犯 (xiànxíngfàn)
- 甲級戰犯/甲级战犯 (jiǎjí zhànfàn)
- 疑犯 (yífàn)
- 白領犯罪/白领犯罪 (báilǐng fànzuì)
- 盜犯/盗犯
- 監犯/监犯 (jiānfàn)
- 真兇實犯/真凶实犯
- 真贓實犯/真赃实犯
- 眾怒難犯/众怒难犯
- 知法犯法 (zhīfǎfànfǎ)
- 秋毫不犯
- 秋毫無犯/秋毫无犯 (qiūháowúfàn)
- 竄犯/窜犯 (cuànfàn)
- 竊犯/窃犯
- 累犯 (lěifàn)
- 經濟犯罪/经济犯罪
- 縱火犯/纵火犯 (zònghuǒfàn)
- 罪犯 (zuìfàn)
- 脅從犯/胁从犯
- 舅犯
- 良心犯 (liángxīnfàn)
- 虞犯少年
- 行政犯
- 衝犯/冲犯
- 要犯 (yàofàn)
- 觸犯/触犯 (chùfàn)
- 觸禁犯忌/触禁犯忌
- 認犯頭/认犯头
- 調犯/调犯
- 賭犯/赌犯
- 越獄犯/越狱犯
- 軍事犯/军事犯
- 逆天犯順/逆天犯顺
- 逃犯 (táofàn)
- 通緝犯/通缉犯 (tōngjīfàn)
- 連續犯/连续犯
- 進犯/进犯 (jìnfàn)
- 過犯/过犯 (guòfàn)
- 違犯/违犯 (wéifàn)
- 過贓犯法/过赃犯法
- 重犯
- 間接正犯/间接正犯
- 陵犯
- 首犯 (shǒufàn)
- 麻犯
References
[edit]- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “犯”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 258.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]犯
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぼん (bon)←ぼん (bon, historical)←ぼむ (bomu, ancient)
- Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)←はん (fan, historical)←はむ (famu, ancient)
- Kun: おかす (okasu, 犯す, Jōyō)←をかす (wokasu, 犯す, historical)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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犯 |
はん Grade: 5 |
kan'on |
/pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/
From Middle Chinese, 犯 (MC bjomX).
Suffix
[edit]- perpetrators of a crime
- some types of crime
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 犯 (MC bjomX).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pɘ(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [범(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]犯 (eumhun 범할 범 (beomhal beom))
- hanja form? of 범 (“to violate; to commit”) [verbal root]
- hanja form? of 범 (“criminal”) [suffix]
- hanja form? of 범 (“count of crime”) [counter]
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 범금 (犯禁, beomgeum)
- 범소 (犯所, beomso)
- 범월 (犯越, beomwol)
- 범인 (犯人, beomin)
- 범접 (犯接, beomjeop)
- 범죄 (犯罪, beomjoe)
- 범행 (犯行, beomhaeng)
- 경범 (輕犯, gyeongbeom)
- 공범 (共犯, gongbeom)
- 방범 (防犯, bangbeom)
- 수범 (首犯, subeom)
- 잡범 (雜犯, japbeom)
- 재범 (再犯, jaebeom)
- 전범 (戰犯, jeonbeom)
- 죄범 (罪犯, joebeom)
- 주범 (主犯, jubeom)
- 중범 (重犯, jungbeom)
- 침범 (侵犯, chimbeom)
- 범죄성 (犯罪性, beomjoeseong)
- 간통범 (姦通犯, gantongbeom)
- 강간범 (強姦犯, gangganbeom)
- 강도범 (強盜犯, gangdobeom)
- 교사범 (敎唆犯, gyosabeom)
- 군사범 (軍事犯, gunsabeom)
- 납치범 (拉致犯, napchibeom)
- 도망범 (逃亡犯, domangbeom)
- 방임범 (放任犯, bang'imbeom)
- 사기범 (詐欺犯, sagibeom)
- 사칭범 (詐稱犯, sachingbeom)
- 살인범 (殺人犯, sarinbeom)
- 상습범 (常習犯, sangseupbeom)
- 생계범 (生計犯, saenggyebeom)
- 성인범 (成人犯, seong'inbeom)
- 소년범 (少年犯, sonyeonbeom)
- 우범자 (虞犯者, ubeomja)
- 유괴범 (誘拐犯, yugoebeom)
- 인질범 (人質犯, injilbeom)
- 전문범 (專門犯, jeonmunbeom)
- 전쟁범 (戰爭犯, jeonjaengbeom)
- 절도범 (竊盜犯, jeoldobeom)
- 정치범 (政治犯, jeongchibeom)
- 질주범 (疾走犯, jiljubeom)
- 탈주범 (脫走犯, taljubeom)
- 폭파범 (爆破犯, pokpabeom)
- 폭행범 (暴行犯, pokhaengbeom)
- 현행범 (現行犯, hyeonhaengbeom)
- 협박범 (脅迫犯, hyeopbakbeom)
- 확신범 (確信犯, hwaksinbeom)
- 흉악범 (凶惡犯, hyung'akbeom)
- 간명범의 (干名犯義, ganmyeongbeomui)
- 방외범색 (房外犯色, bang'oebeomsaek)
- 사불범정 (邪不犯正, sabulbeomjeong)
- 일생불범 (一生不犯, ilsaengbulbeom)
- 일죄재범 (一罪再犯, iljoejaebeom)
- 중노난범 (衆怒難犯, jungnonanbeom)
- 죄중우범 (罪中又犯, joejung'ubeom)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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