From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: and
U+61C9, 應
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C9

[U+61C8]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+61CA]

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 61, +13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈人土心 (IOGP) or 戈土心 (IGP), four-corner 00231, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 746, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2359, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+61C9

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp.
alternative forms
“to answer”
“to answer”

𢈀
𢇭
“to answer”
“to answer”

𢈀
𢇭
𠩍
𤻮
𧭭
𡄖
 

Glyph origin

[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic (heart).

Etymology

[edit]

Related to (OC *qɯŋ, “breastplate; to oppose”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Note:
  • êng3 - literary;
  • ing3 - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 應 (該)
Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /iŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /iŋ²¹/
Jinan /iŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /iŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /iŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /iŋ²¹/
Xining /iə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /iŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /in³⁵/
Chengdu /in⁵⁵/
Guiyang /in²¹³/
Kunming /ĩ¹/
Nanjing /in³¹/
Hefei /in²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /iŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /iŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /in⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔin³³/
Wenzhou /j̠aŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³²⁴/
Tunxi /iɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /in⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /in⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /in⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /in⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /in⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ⁵³/
Nanning /jeŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /eiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /eŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /eŋ²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (34)
Final () (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter 'ing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔiŋ/
Li
Rong
/ʔiəŋ/
Wang
Li
/ĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jing1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yīng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔing ›
Old
Chinese
/*[q](r)əŋ/
English ought

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 15346
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qɯŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. should; ought to
      ―  yīng  ―  due; well deserved
    如此如此  ―  yīng rúcǐ  ―  it should be this way
    情況予以拒絕 [MSC, trad.]
    情况予以拒绝 [MSC, simp.]
    Rú yù cǐ lèi qíngkuàng, yīng yǔyǐ jùjué. [Pinyin]
    If you encounter this type of situation, you should reject it.
  2. to consent to; to agree
  3. (literary) perhaps; maybe
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (ought to):
edit
  • (to consent):
edit
Antonyms
[edit]
  • (antonym(s) of to consent):
edit

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Note:
  • en - colloquial ("to reply");
  • yin - literary ("to agree, to handle");
  • yín - colloquial ("to promise").
Note:
  • ìn - vernacular;
  • èng - literary;
  • eng - surname.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 應 (對)
Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /iŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /iŋ⁵³/
Jinan /iŋ²¹/
Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /iŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /iə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /iŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /iŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /in³⁵/
Chengdu /in¹³/
Guiyang /in²¹³/
Kunming /ĩ²¹²/
Nanjing /in⁴⁴/
Hefei /in⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /iŋ³⁵/
/i³⁵/ 答~
Hohhot /ĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /iŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /in⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /ʔin⁵³⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /j̠aŋ⁴²/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³²⁴/
Tunxi /in⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /in⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /in⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /in⁴⁵/ ~付
/ŋiɛn⁴⁵/ ~一聲
Hakka Meixian /in⁵³/
Taoyuan /in⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ³³/
Nanning /jeŋ³³/
Hong Kong /jiŋ³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iŋ²¹/
/in²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ɛiŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /aiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /eŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /eŋ³⁵/
/in³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (34)
Final () (133)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter 'ingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔiŋH/
Li
Rong
/ʔiəŋH/
Wang
Li
/ĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jing3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 15349
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qɯŋs/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. to answer; to reply
      ―  huíyìng  ―  to respond
    十問九唔十问九唔 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 man6 gau2 m4 jing3 [Jyutping]  ―  to be not responsive
  2. to permit; to promise
    有求必有求必  ―  yǒuqiúbìyìng  ―  to grant whatever is requested
  3. to agree; to echo; to go along with
  4. to handle; to deal with
      ―  yìng  ―  to deal with an emergency
  5. (of words, etc.) to come true; to be confirmed
      ―  yìngyàn  ―  to be confirmed
  6. to suit; to fit
      ―  yìngshí  ―  seasonable
  7. to accept
      ―  yìngyuē  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  8. (Cantonese) impactful
  9. (Cantonese) exact
  10. 41st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "response" (𝌮)
  11. () Ying County (a county of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China)
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (to promise):
edit
Descendants
[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (おう) (ō)
  • Vietnamese: ứng ()

Others:

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 3

[edit]
Wikipedia has articles on:

Definitions

[edit]

  1. a surname
Descendants
[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

[edit]

(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. Kyūjitai form of

Readings

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]
Kanji in this term
おう
Jinmeiyō
goon
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
5
[kanji] fifth grade kanji
(This term, , is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC 'ingH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅳᇰ〮 (Yale: qúng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄃᆡ답 Recorded as Middle Korean (ung) (Yale: ung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɯ(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 응할 (eunghal eung))

  1. hanja form? of (to answer; to respond)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC 'ing).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅳᇰ (Yale: qung) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 일뎡[1] Recorded as Middle Korean (ung) (Yale: ung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
  1. ^ 平聲

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɯ(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun 응당(應當) )

  1. hanja form? of (should; ought to)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: ứng, ưng, ừng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.