zsong
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From an onomatopoeia (imitating the buzzing sounds of certain insects) + -g (frequentative suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]zsong
- (intransitive) to hum, buzz (to drone like certain insects naturally do in motion, or sounding similarly)
- A kertben méhek zsongnak. ― Bees are humming in the garden.
- (intransitive, literary, of music, songs, sounds) to hum, ring, echo, resound
- (Can we date this quote?), Endre Ady, Karácsony[1]:
- Harang csendül, / Ének zendül, / Messze zsong a hálaének...
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (intransitive, figuratively) to buzz (of a thought, emotion, memory: to continuously come up in one's mind)
- Zsong a fejem a sok gondolattól. ― My head is buzzing with all kinds of thoughts.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of zsong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zsongok | zsongsz | zsong | zsongunk | zsongtok | zsongnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | zsongtam | zsongtál | zsongott | zsongtunk | zsongtatok | zsongtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. zsongni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zsongék | zsongál | zsonga | zsongánk | zsongátok | zsongának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. zsong vala, zsongott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zsongandok | zsongandasz | zsongand | zsongandunk | zsongandotok | zsongandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zsongnék | zsongnál | zsongna | zsongnánk | zsongnátok | zsongnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zsongott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zsongjak | zsongj or zsongjál |
zsongjon | zsongjunk | zsongjatok | zsongjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zsongott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | zsongni | zsongnom | zsongnod | zsongnia | zsongnunk | zsongnotok | zsongniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| zsongás | zsongó | zsongott | ― | zsongva (zsongván) | |||||
potential conjugation of zsong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zsonghatok | zsonghatsz | zsonghat | zsonghatunk | zsonghattok | zsonghatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | zsonghattam | zsonghattál | zsonghatott | zsonghattunk | zsonghattatok | zsonghattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zsonghaték | zsonghatál | zsonghata | zsonghatánk | zsonghatátok | zsonghatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. zsonghat vala, zsonghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zsonghatandok or zsongandhatok |
zsonghatandasz or zsongandhatsz |
zsonghatand or zsongandhat |
zsonghatandunk or zsongandhatunk |
zsonghatandotok or zsongandhattok |
zsonghatandanak or zsongandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zsonghatnék | zsonghatnál | zsonghatna | zsonghatnánk | zsonghatnátok | zsonghatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zsonghatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zsonghassak | zsonghass or zsonghassál |
zsonghasson | zsonghassunk | zsonghassatok | zsonghassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zsonghatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (zsonghatni) | (zsonghatnom) | (zsonghatnod) | (zsonghatnia) | (zsonghatnunk) | (zsonghatnotok) | (zsonghatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (zsonghatva / zsonghatván) | ||||
or
conjugation of zsong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zsongok | zsongasz | zsong | zsongunk | zsongotok | zsonganak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | zsongottam | zsongottál | zsongott | zsongottunk | zsongottatok | zsongottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. zsongani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zsongék | zsongál | zsonga | zsongánk | zsongátok | zsongának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. zsong vala, zsongott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zsongandok | zsongandasz | zsongand | zsongandunk | zsongandotok | zsongandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zsonganék | zsonganál | zsongana | zsonganánk | zsonganátok | zsonganának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zsongott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zsongjak | zsongj or zsongjál |
zsongjon | zsongjunk | zsongjatok | zsongjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zsongott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | zsongani | zsonganom | zsonganod | zsongania | zsonganunk | zsonganotok | zsonganiuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| zsongás | zsongó | zsongott | ― | zsongva (zsongván) | |||||
potential conjugation of zsong
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zsonghatok | zsonghatsz | zsonghat | zsonghatunk | zsonghattok | zsonghatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | zsonghattam | zsonghattál | zsonghatott | zsonghattunk | zsonghattatok | zsonghattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zsonghaték | zsonghatál | zsonghata | zsonghatánk | zsonghatátok | zsonghatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. zsonghat vala, zsonghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zsonghatandok or zsongandhatok |
zsonghatandasz or zsongandhatsz |
zsonghatand or zsongandhat |
zsonghatandunk or zsongandhatunk |
zsonghatandotok or zsongandhattok |
zsonghatandanak or zsongandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zsonghatnék | zsonghatnál | zsonghatna | zsonghatnánk | zsonghatnátok | zsonghatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zsonghatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zsonghassak | zsonghass or zsonghassál |
zsonghasson | zsonghassunk | zsonghassatok | zsonghassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zsonghatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (zsonghatni) | (zsonghatnom) | (zsonghatnod) | (zsonghatnia) | (zsonghatnunk) | (zsonghatnotok) | (zsonghatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (zsonghatva / zsonghatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Compound words
(With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ zsong in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- zsong in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN