znj

Egyptian

3ae inf.

(transitive or intransitive) to pass by, to go beyond
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 8–10:
  
  pḥ.n.n pḥwj wꜣwꜣt zn.n.n znmwt
  We have reached the end of Lower Nubia, and we have passed by Bigeh.
(transitive) to surpass, to exceed
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5:
  
  ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt
  In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.
(intransitive) to come to an end, to pass
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 124:
  
  ršwj sḏd dpt.n.f zn ḫt mr
  How joyful is he who recounts what he has experienced when a painful thing passes!

Conjugation of znj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: zn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
znt, znj	znw, zn	znt, znwt, znyt	zn	zn, zny

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
zn⁸	ḥr znt, ḥr znj	m znt, m znj	r znt, r znj

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	zn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	znw¹, zny, zn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	zn	zny, zn
imperfective	zn, zny, znw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	zn, znj⁶, zny⁶	zn, znw⁵
prospective	znw¹, zny, zn, zntj⁷	—	znwtj^{1 4}, zntj⁴, znt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 282.