zerfleddern
Appearance
German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Late 18th century, of dialectal, especially East Central German, origin, from zer- + fledern, the latter from Middle High German vlederen (“to flutter”), related with flattern, Fledermaus. The form with -dd- may be expressive or due to shortening before the syllables -el, -er (as in Hammer, Mutter, Widder). Perhaps also by association with unrelated fleddern (“to steal from a corpse or drunk man”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]zerfleddern (weak, third-person singular present zerfleddert, past tense zerfledderte, past participle zerfleddert, auxiliary haben)
- to damage something delicate, chiefly a book or piece of paper, by handling it uncarefully; to tatter
Usage notes
[edit]- Some dictionaries still treat zerfledern as the main variant. However, the dd-form has been predominant since circa 1950 and by the early 21st century it was about 30 times commoner.[1]
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | zerfleddern | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | zerfleddernd | ||||
past participle | zerfleddert | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich zerfleddre ich zerfleddere ich zerfledder |
wir zerfleddern | i | ich zerfleddere ich zerfleddre |
wir zerfleddern |
du zerfledderst | ihr zerfleddert | du zerfledderest du zerfleddrest |
ihr zerfledderet ihr zerfleddret | ||
er zerfleddert | sie zerfleddern | er zerfleddere er zerfleddre |
sie zerfleddern | ||
preterite | ich zerfledderte | wir zerfledderten | ii | ich zerfledderte1 | wir zerfledderten1 |
du zerfleddertest | ihr zerfleddertet | du zerfleddertest1 | ihr zerfleddertet1 | ||
er zerfledderte | sie zerfledderten | er zerfledderte1 | sie zerfledderten1 | ||
imperative | zerfleddre (du) zerfledder (du) zerfleddere (du) |
zerfleddert (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.