zancha

Latin

Alternative forms

zanca, zanga, tzanga, tzanca

Etymology

From Parthian, equalling Persian (zângâ). Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (“to hobble, limp”), similar to English shank.^[1]

The Late Latin term (as the plural tzangae), is found only as a transcription^[2]^[3] in Koine Greek τζάγγη, plural τζάγγαι (tzángē, plural tzángai) from which, the Mediaeval Greek τζαγγίον n (tzangíon, “a Byzantine kind of shoe”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈzan.kʰa/, [ˈd̪͡z̪äŋkʰä]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡zan.ka/, [ˈd̪͡z̪äŋkä]

Noun

zancha f (genitive zanchae); first declension

a kind of soft Parthian shoe
- post 259, Trebellius Pollio, Historia Augusta Vita Divi Claudii.17:
  epistola Gallieni […] «[…] Misi autem ad eum pateras gemmatas trilibres duas, scyphos aureos gemmatos trilibres duos, discum corymbiatum argenteum librarum viginti, lancem argenteam pampinatam librarum triginta, paternam argenteam hederaciam librarum viginti et trium, boletar alieuticum argenteum librarum viginti, urceos duos auro inclusos, argenteos librarum sex et in vasis minoribus argenti libras viginti quinque, calices Aegyptios operisque diversi decem, 6 clamydes veri luminis limbatas duas, veste diversas sedecim, albam subsericam, paragaudem triuncem unam, zancas de nostris Parthicas paria tria, singiliones Dalmatenses decem, clamydem Dardanicam mantuelem unam, paenulam Illyricianam unam, bardocucullum unum, cucutia villosa duo, 7 oraria Sarabdena quattuor, aureos Valerianos centum quinquaginta, trientes Saloninianos trecentos.»

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	zancha	zanchae
genitive	zanchae	zanchārum
dative	zanchae	zanchīs
accusative	zancham	zanchās
ablative	zanchā	zanchīs
vocative	zancha	zanchae

Descendants

Catalan: xanca
Galician: zanca, chanca
Italian: zanca
Spanish: zanca, chanca, chancla
→ Koine Greek: τζάγγη (tzángē) (a transcription)
- > Byzantine Greek: τζαγγίον n (tzangíon) (inherited)

References

^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, p. 459
^ "τζάγγη" - Dimitrakos, Dimitrios B. (²1964) Μέγα λεξικόν ὅλης τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς γλώσσης [Great Dictionary of the entire Greek Language] (in Greek), Athens: Hellenic Paideia 2nd edition in 15 vols. [1st edition 1930-1950 in 9 volumes] (abbreviations - of authors)
^ “τζάγγη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

“zancha”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
zancha in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
tzangae in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
zancha in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“zancha”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Rundgren, Frithiof (1957) “Über einige iranische Lehnwörter im Lateinischen und Griechischen”, in Orientalia Suecana‎^[1], volume 6, pages 52–60

[1] Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, p. 459

[2] "τζάγγη" - Dimitrakos, Dimitrios B. (²1964) Μέγα λεξικόν ὅλης τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς γλώσσης [Great Dictionary of the entire Greek Language] (in Greek), Athens: Hellenic Paideia 2nd edition in 15 vols. [1st edition 1930-1950 in 9 volumes] (abbreviations - of authors)

[3] “τζάγγη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

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