xwaya

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-xwaya^?

1. (transitive) to put on

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǁgoa (“threaten, warn, provoke”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǁwáːja/

Verb

-xwáya

1. (intransitive) to be alert, to be cautious, to be careful, to be safe, to be watchful
2. (transitive) to beware of, to watch out for

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuxwaya
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuxwaya	ukungaxwayi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	xwaya	-xwaye
Plural	xwayani	-xwayeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaxwaya, ngixwaya	engixwayayo, engixwaya	ngixwaya	angixwayi	engingaxwayi	ngingaxwayi
2nd singular	uyaxwaya, uxwaya	oxwayayo, oxwaya	uxwaya	awuxwayi	ongaxwayi	ungaxwayi
1st plural	siyaxwaya, sixwaya	esixwayayo, esixwaya	sixwaya	asixwayi	esingaxwayi	singaxwayi
2nd plural	niyaxwaya, nixwaya	enixwayayo, enixwaya	nixwaya	anixwayi	eningaxwayi	ningaxwayi
Class 1	uyaxwaya, uxwaya	oxwayayo, oxwaya	exwaya	akaxwayi	ongaxwayi	engaxwayi
Class 2	bayaxwaya, baxwaya	abaxwayayo, abaxwaya	bexwaya	abaxwayi	abangaxwayi	bengaxwayi
Class 3	uyaxwaya, uxwaya	oxwayayo, oxwaya	uxwaya	awuxwayi	ongaxwayi	ungaxwayi
Class 4	iyaxwaya, ixwaya	exwayayo, exwaya	ixwaya	ayixwayi	engaxwayi	ingaxwayi
Class 5	liyaxwaya, lixwaya	elixwayayo, elixwaya	lixwaya	alixwayi	elingaxwayi	lingaxwayi
Class 6	ayaxwaya, axwaya	axwayayo, axwaya	exwaya	awaxwayi	angaxwayi	engaxwayi
Class 7	siyaxwaya, sixwaya	esixwayayo, esixwaya	sixwaya	asixwayi	esingaxwayi	singaxwayi
Class 8	ziyaxwaya, zixwaya	ezixwayayo, ezixwaya	zixwaya	azixwayi	ezingaxwayi	zingaxwayi
Class 9	iyaxwaya, ixwaya	exwayayo, exwaya	ixwaya	ayixwayi	engaxwayi	ingaxwayi
Class 10	ziyaxwaya, zixwaya	ezixwayayo, ezixwaya	zixwaya	azixwayi	ezingaxwayi	zingaxwayi
Class 11	luyaxwaya, luxwaya	oluxwayayo, oluxwaya	luxwaya	aluxwayi	olungaxwayi	lungaxwayi
Class 14	buyaxwaya, buxwaya	obuxwayayo, obuxwaya	buxwaya	abuxwayi	obungaxwayi	bungaxwayi
Class 15	kuyaxwaya, kuxwaya	okuxwayayo, okuxwaya	kuxwaya	akuxwayi	okungaxwayi	kungaxwayi
Class 17	kuyaxwaya, kuxwaya	okuxwayayo, okuxwaya	kuxwaya	akuxwayi	okungaxwayi	kungaxwayi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngixwayile, ngixwayē	engixwayile, engixwayē	ngixwayile, ngixwayē	angixwayanga	engingaxwayanga	ngingaxwayanga
2nd singular	uxwayile, uxwayē	oxwayile, oxwayē	uxwayile, uxwayē	awuxwayanga	ongaxwayanga	ungaxwayanga
1st plural	sixwayile, sixwayē	esixwayile, esixwayē	sixwayile, sixwayē	asixwayanga	esingaxwayanga	singaxwayanga
2nd plural	nixwayile, nixwayē	enixwayile, enixwayē	nixwayile, nixwayē	anixwayanga	eningaxwayanga	ningaxwayanga
Class 1	uxwayile, uxwayē	oxwayile, oxwayē	exwayile, exwayē	akaxwayanga	ongaxwayanga	engaxwayanga
Class 2	baxwayile, baxwayē	abaxwayile, abaxwayē	bexwayile, bexwayē	abaxwayanga	abangaxwayanga	bengaxwayanga
Class 3	uxwayile, uxwayē	oxwayile, oxwayē	uxwayile, uxwayē	awuxwayanga	ongaxwayanga	ungaxwayanga
Class 4	ixwayile, ixwayē	exwayile, exwayē	ixwayile, ixwayē	ayixwayanga	engaxwayanga	ingaxwayanga
Class 5	lixwayile, lixwayē	elixwayile, elixwayē	lixwayile, lixwayē	alixwayanga	elingaxwayanga	lingaxwayanga
Class 6	axwayile, axwayē	axwayile, axwayē	exwayile, exwayē	awaxwayanga	angaxwayanga	engaxwayanga
Class 7	sixwayile, sixwayē	esixwayile, esixwayē	sixwayile, sixwayē	asixwayanga	esingaxwayanga	singaxwayanga
Class 8	zixwayile, zixwayē	ezixwayile, ezixwayē	zixwayile, zixwayē	azixwayanga	ezingaxwayanga	zingaxwayanga
Class 9	ixwayile, ixwayē	exwayile, exwayē	ixwayile, ixwayē	ayixwayanga	engaxwayanga	ingaxwayanga
Class 10	zixwayile, zixwayē	ezixwayile, ezixwayē	zixwayile, zixwayē	azixwayanga	ezingaxwayanga	zingaxwayanga
Class 11	luxwayile, luxwayē	oluxwayile, oluxwayē	luxwayile, luxwayē	aluxwayanga	olungaxwayanga	lungaxwayanga
Class 14	buxwayile, buxwayē	obuxwayile, obuxwayē	buxwayile, buxwayē	abuxwayanga	obungaxwayanga	bungaxwayanga
Class 15	kuxwayile, kuxwayē	okuxwayile, okuxwayē	kuxwayile, kuxwayē	akuxwayanga	okungaxwayanga	kungaxwayanga
Class 17	kuxwayile, kuxwayē	okuxwayile, okuxwayē	kuxwayile, kuxwayē	akuxwayanga	okungaxwayanga	kungaxwayanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāxwaya	engāxwaya	ngāxwaya	angixwayanga	engingaxwayanga	ngingaxwayanga
2nd singular	wāxwaya	owāxwaya	wāxwaya	awuxwayanga	ongaxwayanga	ungaxwayanga
1st plural	sāxwaya	esāxwaya	sāxwaya	asixwayanga	esingaxwayanga	singaxwayanga
2nd plural	nāxwaya	enāxwaya	nāxwaya	anixwayanga	eningaxwayanga	ningaxwayanga
Class 1	wāxwaya	owāxwaya	āxwaya	akaxwayanga	ongaxwayanga	engaxwayanga
Class 2	bāxwaya	abāxwaya	bāxwaya	abaxwayanga	abangaxwayanga	bengaxwayanga
Class 3	wāxwaya	owāxwaya	wāxwaya	awuxwayanga	ongaxwayanga	ungaxwayanga
Class 4	yāxwaya	eyāxwaya	yāxwaya	ayixwayanga	engaxwayanga	ingaxwayanga
Class 5	lāxwaya	elāxwaya	lāxwaya	alixwayanga	elingaxwayanga	lingaxwayanga
Class 6	āxwaya	āxwaya	āxwaya	awaxwayanga	angaxwayanga	engaxwayanga
Class 7	sāxwaya	esāxwaya	sāxwaya	asixwayanga	esingaxwayanga	singaxwayanga
Class 8	zāxwaya	ezāxwaya	zāxwaya	azixwayanga	ezingaxwayanga	zingaxwayanga
Class 9	yāxwaya	eyāxwaya	yāxwaya	ayixwayanga	engaxwayanga	ingaxwayanga
Class 10	zāxwaya	ezāxwaya	zāxwaya	azixwayanga	ezingaxwayanga	zingaxwayanga
Class 11	lwāxwaya	olwāxwaya	lwāxwaya	aluxwayanga	olungaxwayanga	lungaxwayanga
Class 14	bāxwaya	obāxwaya	bāxwaya	abuxwayanga	obungaxwayanga	bungaxwayanga
Class 15	kwāxwaya	okwāxwaya	kwāxwaya	akuxwayanga	okungaxwayanga	kungaxwayanga
Class 17	kwāxwaya	okwāxwaya	kwāxwaya	akuxwayanga	okungaxwayanga	kungaxwayanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaxwaya	—	ngingaxwaya	ngingexwaye	—	ngingexwaye
2nd singular	ungaxwaya	—	ungaxwaya	ungexwaye	—	ungexwaye
1st plural	singaxwaya	—	singaxwaya	singexwaye	—	singexwaye
2nd plural	ningaxwaya	—	ningaxwaya	ningexwaye	—	ningexwaye
Class 1	angaxwaya	—	engaxwaya	angexwaye	—	engexwaye
Class 2	bangaxwaya	—	bengaxwaya	bangexwaye	—	bengexwaye
Class 3	ungaxwaya	—	ungaxwaya	ungexwaye	—	ungexwaye
Class 4	ingaxwaya	—	ingaxwaya	ingexwaye	—	ingexwaye
Class 5	lingaxwaya	—	lingaxwaya	lingexwaye	—	lingexwaye
Class 6	angaxwaya	—	engaxwaya	angexwaye	—	engexwaye
Class 7	singaxwaya	—	singaxwaya	singexwaye	—	singexwaye
Class 8	zingaxwaya	—	zingaxwaya	zingexwaye	—	zingexwaye
Class 9	ingaxwaya	—	ingaxwaya	ingexwaye	—	ingexwaye
Class 10	zingaxwaya	—	zingaxwaya	zingexwaye	—	zingexwaye
Class 11	lungaxwaya	—	lungaxwaya	lungexwaye	—	lungexwaye
Class 14	bungaxwaya	—	bungaxwaya	bungexwaye	—	bungexwaye
Class 15	kungaxwaya	—	kungaxwaya	kungexwaye	—	kungexwaye
Class 17	kungaxwaya	—	kungaxwaya	kungexwaye	—	kungexwaye
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoxwaya	engizoxwaya	ngizoxwaya	angizuxwaya	engingezuxwaya	ngingezuxwaya
2nd singular	uzoxwaya	ozoxwaya	uzoxwaya	awuzuxwaya	ongezuxwaya	ungezuxwaya
1st plural	sizoxwaya	esizoxwaya	sizoxwaya	asizuxwaya	esingezuxwaya	singezuxwaya
2nd plural	nizoxwaya	enizoxwaya	nizoxwaya	anizuxwaya	eningezuxwaya	ningezuxwaya
Class 1	uzoxwaya	ozoxwaya	ezoxwaya	akazuxwaya	ongezuxwaya	engezuxwaya
Class 2	bazoxwaya	abazoxwaya	bezoxwaya	abazuxwaya	abangezuxwaya	bengezuxwaya
Class 3	uzoxwaya	ozoxwaya	uzoxwaya	awuzuxwaya	ongezuxwaya	ungezuxwaya
Class 4	izoxwaya	ezoxwaya	izoxwaya	ayizuxwaya	engezuxwaya	ingezuxwaya
Class 5	lizoxwaya	elizoxwaya	lizoxwaya	alizuxwaya	elingezuxwaya	lingezuxwaya
Class 6	azoxwaya	azoxwaya	ezoxwaya	awazuxwaya	angezuxwaya	engezuxwaya
Class 7	sizoxwaya	esizoxwaya	sizoxwaya	asizuxwaya	esingezuxwaya	singezuxwaya
Class 8	zizoxwaya	ezizoxwaya	zizoxwaya	azizuxwaya	ezingezuxwaya	zingezuxwaya
Class 9	izoxwaya	ezoxwaya	izoxwaya	ayizuxwaya	engezuxwaya	ingezuxwaya
Class 10	zizoxwaya	ezizoxwaya	zizoxwaya	azizuxwaya	ezingezuxwaya	zingezuxwaya
Class 11	luzoxwaya	oluzoxwaya	luzoxwaya	aluzuxwaya	olungezuxwaya	lungezuxwaya
Class 14	buzoxwaya	obuzoxwaya	buzoxwaya	abuzuxwaya	obungezuxwaya	bungezuxwaya
Class 15	kuzoxwaya	okuzoxwaya	kuzoxwaya	akuzuxwaya	okungezuxwaya	kungezuxwaya
Class 17	kuzoxwaya	okuzoxwaya	kuzoxwaya	akuzuxwaya	okungezuxwaya	kungezuxwaya
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoxwaya	engiyoxwaya	ngiyoxwaya	angiyuxwaya	engingeyuxwaya	ngingeyuxwaya
2nd singular	uyoxwaya	oyoxwaya	uyoxwaya	awuyuxwaya	ongeyuxwaya	ungeyuxwaya
1st plural	siyoxwaya	esiyoxwaya	siyoxwaya	asiyuxwaya	esingeyuxwaya	singeyuxwaya
2nd plural	niyoxwaya	eniyoxwaya	niyoxwaya	aniyuxwaya	eningeyuxwaya	ningeyuxwaya
Class 1	uyoxwaya	oyoxwaya	eyoxwaya	akayuxwaya	ongeyuxwaya	engeyuxwaya
Class 2	bayoxwaya	abayoxwaya	beyoxwaya	abayuxwaya	abangeyuxwaya	bengeyuxwaya
Class 3	uyoxwaya	oyoxwaya	uyoxwaya	awuyuxwaya	ongeyuxwaya	ungeyuxwaya
Class 4	iyoxwaya	eyoxwaya	iyoxwaya	ayiyuxwaya	engeyuxwaya	ingeyuxwaya
Class 5	liyoxwaya	eliyoxwaya	liyoxwaya	aliyuxwaya	elingeyuxwaya	lingeyuxwaya
Class 6	ayoxwaya	ayoxwaya	eyoxwaya	awayuxwaya	angeyuxwaya	engeyuxwaya
Class 7	siyoxwaya	esiyoxwaya	siyoxwaya	asiyuxwaya	esingeyuxwaya	singeyuxwaya
Class 8	ziyoxwaya	eziyoxwaya	ziyoxwaya	aziyuxwaya	ezingeyuxwaya	zingeyuxwaya
Class 9	iyoxwaya	eyoxwaya	iyoxwaya	ayiyuxwaya	engeyuxwaya	ingeyuxwaya
Class 10	ziyoxwaya	eziyoxwaya	ziyoxwaya	aziyuxwaya	ezingeyuxwaya	zingeyuxwaya
Class 11	luyoxwaya	oluyoxwaya	luyoxwaya	aluyuxwaya	olungeyuxwaya	lungeyuxwaya
Class 14	buyoxwaya	obuyoxwaya	buyoxwaya	abuyuxwaya	obungeyuxwaya	bungeyuxwaya
Class 15	kuyoxwaya	okuyoxwaya	kuyoxwaya	akuyuxwaya	okungeyuxwaya	kungeyuxwaya
Class 17	kuyoxwaya	okuyoxwaya	kuyoxwaya	akuyuxwaya	okungeyuxwaya	kungeyuxwaya
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngixwaye	ngingaxwayi
2nd singular	uxwaye	ungaxwayi
1st plural	sixwaye	singaxwayi
2nd plural	nixwaye	ningaxwayi
Class 1	axwaye	angaxwayi
Class 2	baxwaye	bangaxwayi
Class 3	uxwaye	ungaxwayi
Class 4	ixwaye	ingaxwayi
Class 5	lixwaye	lingaxwayi
Class 6	axwaye	angaxwayi
Class 7	sixwaye	singaxwayi
Class 8	zixwaye	zingaxwayi
Class 9	ixwaye	ingaxwayi
Class 10	zixwaye	zingaxwayi
Class 11	luxwaye	lungaxwayi
Class 14	buxwaye	bungaxwayi
Class 15	kuxwaye	kungaxwayi
Class 17	kuxwaye	kungaxwayi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaxwaya	ngangaxwaya, angaxwaya, angangaxwaya
2nd singular	waxwaya	wangaxwaya, awaxwaya, awangaxwaya
1st plural	saxwaya	sangaxwaya, asaxwaya, asangaxwaya
2nd plural	naxwaya	nangaxwaya, anaxwaya, anangaxwaya
Class 1	waxwaya	wangaxwaya, akaxwaya, akangaxwaya
Class 2	baxwaya	bangaxwaya, abaxwaya, abangaxwaya
Class 3	waxwaya	wangaxwaya, awaxwaya, awangaxwaya
Class 4	yaxwaya	yangaxwaya, ayaxwaya, ayangaxwaya
Class 5	laxwaya	langaxwaya, alaxwaya, alangaxwaya
Class 6	axwaya	angaxwaya, awaxwaya, awangaxwaya
Class 7	saxwaya	sangaxwaya, asaxwaya, asangaxwaya
Class 8	zaxwaya	zangaxwaya, azaxwaya, azangaxwaya
Class 9	yaxwaya	yangaxwaya, ayaxwaya, ayangaxwaya
Class 10	zaxwaya	zangaxwaya, azaxwaya, azangaxwaya
Class 11	lwaxwaya	lwangaxwaya, alwaxwaya, alwangaxwaya
Class 14	baxwaya	bangaxwaya, abaxwaya, abangaxwaya
Class 15	kwaxwaya	kwangaxwaya, akwaxwaya, akwangaxwaya
Class 17	kwaxwaya	kwangaxwaya, akwaxwaya, akwangaxwaya

Derived terms

• -xwayisa

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “xwaya”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “xwaya (3.9)”