warad ēkallim

Akkadian

Pronunciation

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /ˈwa.rad eːˈkal.lim/

Noun

warad ēkallim m (plural wardū ēkallim)

1. (Old Assyrian, Old Babylonian) slave of the palace, a designation of the palace personnel
   • 1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code‎^[1], The Louvre, Law 15:

     𒋳𒈠 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒇻𒀵𒂍𒃲 𒇻𒊩𒆳𒂍𒃲 𒇻𒀵𒈦𒂗𒆕 𒇻𒊩𒆳𒈦𒂗𒆕 𒆍𒃲𒍑𒋼𒍣 𒀉𒁕𒀝

     [šumma awīlum lū warad ēkallim lū amat ēkallim lū warad muškēnim lū amat muškēnim abullam uštēṣi, iddâk.]

     šum-ma a-wi-lum lu ARAD₂ E₂.GAL lu GEME₂ E₂.GAL lu ARAD₂ MAŠ.EN.GAG lu GEME₂ MAŠ.EN.GAG ABUL uš-te-ṣi₂ id-da-ak

     If a man let a male or female slave whether of the palace or of a muškēnum escape through the city gate, he will be executed.

2. (Neo-Babylonian) arad ekalli, a designation of a specific profession, probably a builder

Alternative forms

• warad ēkalli (non-mimated)
• arad ēkalli (non-mimated)

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Mixed
𒀴𒂍𒃲 (ARAD.E₂.GAL, IR₃.E₂.GAL) 𒀵𒂍𒃲 (ARAD₂.E₂.GAL, IR₁₁.E₂.GAL) 𒇽𒀴𒂍𒃲 (LU₂.ARAD.E₂.GAL)	𒀴𒂍𒃲𒅆 (ARAD.E₂.GAL-lim) 𒇽𒎌𒀴𒂍𒃲𒅆 (LU₂.MEŠ.ARAD.E₂.GAL-lim) (pl)

Derived terms

• warad-ēkallūtum (“occupation of the warad ēkallim”)

 

Descendants

• → Aramaic:
  • Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: ארדיכלא (ʾardēḵlāʾ)
    • → Hebrew: אַדְרִיכָל (ʾaḏriḵɔl)
  • Classical Syriac: ܐܪܕܝܟܠܐ (ʾardēḵlāʾ)

References

• “arad ekalli”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[2], volume 1, A, part 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1968
• Huehnergard, John (2011) A Grammar of Akkadian (Harvard Semitic Studies; 45), 3rd edition, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns