utraquism

English

Etymology

From Latin utraque (“both”) +‎ -ism.

Noun

utraquism (countable and uncountable, plural utraquisms)

1. (uncountable)
   1. The combination of two methods or fields of study.
      • 1887, Friedrich Paulsen, “The Concluding Chapter of Paulsen’s History of the Higher Education at the German Schools and Universities […] ”, in Samuel Thurber, transl., The Academy: A Journal of Secondary Education, page 11:

        The utraquism of our gymnasia, which try to combine with traditional teaching of the ancient languages instruction in the modern sciences and the modern languages, cannot be permanently maintained.

      • 1918, Wilhelm Jerusalem, translated by Charles Finley Sanders, Problems of the Secondary Teacher, page 85:

        But the principle of combining humanistic and realistic training, or as this principle has been called, utraquism, applies to all secondary schools.

   2. (psychoanalysis, specifically) A method that uses analogy to draw on insights from both objective natural science on the one hand, and subjective psychology and social science on the other.
      • 2018, Raluca Soreanu, Working-through Collective Wounds: Trauma, Denial, Recognition in the Brazilian Uprising, Palgrave Macmillan, page 37:

        One of [Sándor Ferenczi's] most productive epistemological ideas is that of utraquism […] Derived from the Latin utraque, meaning 'one and the other', utraquism is the work of establishing relationships of analogy between distinct elements that belong to distinct fields of knowledge and strata of reality, with the aim of discovering or going deeper into the meaning of certain processes.

   3. (rare) Alternative letter-case form of Utraquism.
2. (countable, rare) A term, phrase, or concept with multiple meanings.

   Synonym: double entendre

   • 1956, Visuddhimagga, translated by Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu, Path of Purification, page lii:

     European thought and Indian thought tend to approach the problems of human existence from opposite directions. This affects word formations. And so double meanings (utraquisms, puns, and metaphors) and etymological links often follow quite different tracks […]

   • 1964, Joseph Horrell, “What Gulliver Knew”, in Ernst Tuveson, editor, Swift: A Collection of Critical Essays, page 69:

     A “utraquism” which overlies Gulliver's Travels like a blanket is the theme of truth. […] For [lying], as for any other human evil, the Houyhnhnms have no word, and the Master can understand lying only as “saying the Thing which is not” (a definition which serves as well for irony).

   • 1972, Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu, A Thinker's Note Book: Posthumous Papers of a Buddhist Monk, page 50:

     “Eternal love” and “selfless love” are both equivocations, and utraquisms—that an unstable state can remain unchanged eternally or that self can be eliminated and love retained.