undur

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundrą, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish for, desire, strive for, win, love”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʊntʊɹ/

Noun

undur n (genitive singular undurs, plural undur)

1. wonder

Declension

n13	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	undur	undrið	undur	undrini
accusative	undur	undrið	undur	undrini
dative	undri	undrinum	undrum	undrunum
genitive	undurs	undursins	undra	undranna

Synonyms

• undurverk, undurgerð, undurgerningur, kraftagerð, kraftaverk, mirakul

Derived terms

• ei undur í - no wonder

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundrą, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish for, desire, strive for, win, love”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʏntʏr/

  Rhymes: -ʏntʏr

Noun

undur n (genitive singular undurs, nominative plural undur)

1. a wonder, miracle
   • (in combination) very, extremely, wondrously

     Fiðrildið var undurfallegt.

     The butterfly was extremely beautiful.

Declension

Declension of undur (neuter)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	undur	undrið	undur	undrin
accusative	undur	undrið	undur	undrin
dative	undri	undrinu	undrum	undrunum
genitive	undurs	undursins	undra	undranna

See also

• undra
• undrabarn
• undralæknir
• undrandi
• undrast
• undraverður
• undrun
• gera sig að undri
• vera að undri
• undurfagur
• undurfurða
• undursamlegur
• undurþýður

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay undur, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unduD, *undur (“retreat, fall back”). Compare Binukid undud (“to move backwards”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /unˈdʊɾ/
• Rhymes: -dur, -ur

Verb

undur

1. to retreat

Conjugation

Conjugation of undur (meng-, transitive)

root	undur
	active	passive		basic imperative	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
nominative	mengundur mundur	–	diundur –	undur mundur	undurlah mundurlah
accusative / dative / locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	mengundurkan	terundurkan	diundurkan	undurkan	undurkanlah
	causative
nominative	–	–	–	–	–
accusative / dative / locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	–	–	–	–	–

¹ There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pengundur [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pengunduran [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• undurkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• mengundur [agent focus] (meN-)
• mengundurkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• diundur [patient focus] (di-)
• diundurkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• terundur [agentless action] (teR-)
• berundur [stative / habitual] (beR-)

• mengundur
• mengundurkan
• mundur
• pengunduran

• undur siar

See also

• mundur

Further reading

• “undur” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Romanization

undur

1. Romanization of ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦂ

Malay

Etymology

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unduD, *undur (“retreat, fall back”). Compare Binukid undud (“to move backwards”).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /undo(r)/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /undʊ(r)/
• Rhymes: -ndo(r), -do(r), -o(r)
• Rhymes: -ur

Verb

undur (Jawi spelling اوندور)

1. to retreat
2. to move backwards

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pengundur [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pengunduran [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• undurkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• mengundur [agent focus] (meN-)
• mengundurkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• diundur [patient focus] (di-)
• diundurkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• terundur [agentless action] (teR-)
• berundur [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• undur-undur

Descendants

• Indonesian: undur

See also

• mundur

Further reading

• “undur” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Old Javanese

Etymology

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unduD, *undur (“retreat, fall back”).

Noun

undur

1. retiring
2. retreating

Derived terms

• aṅunduri
• inundurakĕn
• kinondurakĕn
• kondur
• maṅundurakĕn
• mundur

Descendants

• > Javanese: ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦂ (undur) (inherited)

Further reading

• "undur" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Rohingya

Noun

undur

1. mouse