tympanum
Appearance
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin tympanum (“a drum, timbrel, tambourine; the eardrum”). Doublet of timbre, timpani, timbal, and tymbal.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tympanum (plural tympanums or tympana)
- (archaic) A drum.
- (anatomy, zootomy) Any of various anatomic structures in various animals with analogy to a drum head:
- (anatomy, zootomy) The eardrum (tympanic membrane, membrana tympanica).
- (anatomy, zootomy) The main portion of the middle ear: the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani).
- (zootomy, entomology) A thin tense membrane covering the hearing organ on the leg or body of some insects, sometimes adapted (as in cicadas) for producing sound.
- (zootomy) A membranous resonator in a sound-producing organ in frogs and toads.
- (zootomy) (in certain birds) The labyrinth at the bottom of the windpipe.
- (architecture) A vertical recessed triangular space between the sides of a pediment, typically decorated
- The recessed triangular space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch
- 2004, Alan Hollinghurst, The Line of Beauty […], 1st US edition, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:
- It was a black-and-white picture of a Romanesque doorway, with flanking saints and a lively Last Judgement in the tympanum […] .
- The recessed triangular space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch
- (engineering) A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged; used for raising water, as for irrigation.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]eardrum — see eardrum
middle ear — see middle ear
triangular space between the sides of a pediment
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References
[edit]- “tympanum”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “tympanum”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ancient Greek τῠ́μπᾰνον (túmpanon, “a kettledrum, drum”), from τῠ́πτω (túptō, “to strike, beat, smite”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈtym.pa.num/, [ˈt̪ʏmpänʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtim.pa.num/, [ˈt̪impänum]
Noun
[edit]tympanum n (genitive tympanī); second declension
- (literally, music) drum, timbrel, tambour, tambourine
- (figurative) timbrel as a figure of something effeminate or enervating
- (transferred sense) (of things of a like shape):
- drum or wheel in machines for raising weights, in water organs, etc.
- (architecture):
Inflection
[edit]Second-declension noun (neuter).
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | tympanum | tympana |
genitive | tympanī | tympanōrum |
dative | tympanō | tympanīs |
accusative | tympanum | tympana |
ablative | tympanō | tympanīs |
vocative | tympanum | tympana |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Note: see τῠ́μπᾰνον (túmpanon) for later re-borrowings from Byzantine.
Descendants
- → Catalan: timpà
- → English: tympanum, timpani
- → French: tympan
- → Galician: tímpano
- → Irish: tiompán
- → Italian: timpano; tempano (Lucca), tempono (Arezzo)
- → Neapolitan: timpanu (Calabria)
- → Old English: timpan
- → Portuguese: tímpano
- Provençal: temp(l)o
- Romanian: tâmpină, tîmpină, întâmpina
- Sardinian: trimpanu
- → Spanish: tímpano, tembal; timple (Murcia)
References
[edit]- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “tympanum”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 455
- “tympanum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “tympanum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- tympanum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- tympanum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “tympanum”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia[1]
- “tympanum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “tympanum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Noun
[edit]tympanum n
- form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by tympanon
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɪmpənəm
- Rhymes:English/ɪmpənəm/3 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English terms with archaic senses
- en:Anatomy
- en:Animal body parts
- en:Entomology
- en:Architecture
- English terms with quotations
- en:Engineering
- Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the second declension
- Latin terms spelled with Y
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- la:Musical instruments
- Latin terms with transferred senses
- la:Architecture
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål pre-2005 forms