tumpah

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• toempah (1901–1947)

Etymology

From Malay tumpah, ultimately from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumpaq.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈtumpah/ [ˈt̪um.pah]
• Rhymes: -umpah
• Syllabification: tum‧pah

Verb

tumpah

1. to spill; to shed
   • 1924, Wage Rudolf Soepratman (lyrics and music), “Indonesia Raya (National Anthem of Indonesia)”:

     Indonesia, tanah airku
     Tanah tumpah darahku

     Indonesia, my homeland
     The land where I shed my blood

Conjugation

Conjugation of tumpah (ber-, transitive)

root	tumpah
	active	reflective passive	ordinary passive	imperative	emphatic / jussive
	ordinary
active	bertumpah	tertumpah	ditumpah	tumpah	tumpahlah
locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative1	menumpahkan	tertumpahkan	ditumpahkan	tumpahkan	tumpahkanlah
	causative
active	–	–	–	–	–
locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative1	mempertumpahkan	terpertumpahkan	dipertumpahkan	pertumpahkan	pertumpahkanlah

¹ The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Further reading

• “tumpah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

Ultimately from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumpaq.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtumpah/ [ˈt̪um.pah]
• Hyphenation: tum‧pah

Verb

tumpah (Jawi spelling تومڤه)

1. to spill