tp ꜥ

Egyptian

Etymology

tp (“atop”) +‎ ꜥ (“arm”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tɛp ɑː/
  • Conventional anglicization: tep a

Preposition

1. (temporally) before
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 101–103:

     ḏꜥ pr(.w) jw.n m wꜣḏ-wr tp ꜥ sꜣḥ.n tꜣ

     A stormwind emerged while we were at sea, before we could set foot on land.

2. (spatially) before, in front of

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tp ꜥ  

tp ꜥw

[Old Kingdom]

Noun

 m

1. forebear, ancestor

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 282.1–282.17
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 297