tongaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *tungeti, of complicated etymology. See the Proto-Celtic page for more.

Additionally, there is no etymological relation between tongaid and as·toing (“to refuse”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtoŋɡɨðʲ]

Verb

tongaid (conjunct ·toing, verbal noun lugae or luige)

1. to swear (an oath)
   • c. 697-900, Cáin Adomnáin, published in Cáin Adamnáin: an old-Irish treatise on the law of Adamnan (1905, Oxford University Press), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, §29

     To·cuitchetar trá huli láechu ⁊ cléircu óg Cána Adomnán do comalnad co brád.

     So, everyone (laymen and clerics included) has sworn to fulfil the Cáin Adomnáin [lit. Law of Adomnán] in its entirety forever.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 36^a20

     Is maith les a firlugae no·thongad cach fri alaile hi recht ⁊ ní chairigedar.

     He holds in regard the oath that he used to swear to another in law and does not blame it.

   • c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe, TBC-I 1060

     Abair frisna legi, bíth comardae fora mbuidin, ⁊ toinged a n-imchoimét frim, ⁊ tom·iced bïad cach n-óen-aichde [n-óen-aidche, LU] úaidib.

     Tell the physicians: let there be a token for their group. Let [the physicians] swear the preservation of life to me, and let rations come to me every single night from them.

Conjugation

Simple, class B III present, reduplicated preterite, s future, s subjunctive

		1st sg	2nd sg	3rd sg	1st pl	2nd pl	3rd pl	passive sg	passive pl
present indicative	abs.	tongu			tongmai
	conj.			·toing			·tongat
	rel.						toingte
imperfect indicative				·tongad
preterite	abs.
	conj.								·tochta
	rel.
perfect	deut.			do·cuitig			to·cuitchetar
	prot.
future	abs.	tithis		tithis			tithsat	titsaither	tithsitir
	conj.		·tithis
	rel.
conditional
present subjunctive	abs.
	conj.		·tois	·tó			·tosat
	rel.							tosar
past subjunctive				·toissed; ·tochtaised (augmented)
imperative				toinged
verbal noun		luge, luige; lugae
past participle		tochta
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• ar·toing
• do·toing
• for·toing
• fris·toing
• imm·toing

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tongaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language