tolul
Appearance
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From tol (“to push”) + -ul (verb-forming suffix). First attested in c. 1600.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tolul
- (intransitive, higher register, of people) to swarm, crowd (into a place: lative suffixes)
- (intransitive, higher register, of a liquid) to burst, spring with great force (to somewhere: lative suffixes)
- 1987, “Első könyv. A lyukas lepedő”, in Salman Rushdie, translated by Mihály Falvay, Az éjfél gyermekei, Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó, →ISBN, page 11; translation of Midnight's Children, London: Jonathan Cape, 1981:
- Hátrahőkölt térdepeltében, fölkapta a fejét, s akkor vette észre, hogy megfagytak a szemébe toluló könnyek is, és abban a szent pillanatban, megvetően lesöpörve pilláiról a gyémántokat, eltökélte: többé meg nem csókolja a földet sem isten, sem ember előtt.
- [original: Lurching back until he knelt with his head once more upright, he found that the tears which had sprung to his eyes had solidified, too; and at that moment, as he brushed diamonds contemptuously from his lashes, he resolved never again to kiss earth for any god or man.]
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of tolul
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | tolulok | tolulsz | tolul | tolulunk | tolultok | tolulnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | tolultam | tolultál | tolult | tolultunk | tolultatok | tolultak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. tolulni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | tolulék | tolulál | tolula | tolulánk | tolulátok | tolulának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tolul vala, tolult vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | tolulandok | tolulandasz | toluland | tolulandunk | tolulandotok | tolulandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | tolulnék | tolulnál | tolulna | tolulnánk | tolulnátok | tolulnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tolult volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | toluljak | tolulj or toluljál |
toluljon | toluljunk | toluljatok | toluljanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tolult légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | tolulni | tolulnom | tolulnod | tolulnia | tolulnunk | tolulnotok | tolulniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
tolulás | toluló | tolult | ― | tolulva (tolulván) | tolultat | ||||
potential conjugation of tolul
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | tolulhatok | tolulhatsz | tolulhat | tolulhatunk | tolulhattok | tolulhatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | tolulhattam | tolulhattál | tolulhatott | tolulhattunk | tolulhattatok | tolulhattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | tolulhaték | tolulhatál | tolulhata | tolulhatánk | tolulhatátok | tolulhatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. tolulhat vala, tolulhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | tolulhatandok or tolulandhatok |
tolulhatandasz or tolulandhatsz |
tolulhatand or tolulandhat |
tolulhatandunk or tolulandhatunk |
tolulhatandotok or tolulandhattok |
tolulhatandanak or tolulandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | tolulhatnék | tolulhatnál | tolulhatna | tolulhatnánk | tolulhatnátok | tolulhatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tolulhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | tolulhassak | tolulhass or tolulhassál |
tolulhasson | tolulhassunk | tolulhassatok | tolulhassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tolulhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (tolulhatni) | (tolulhatnom) | (tolulhatnod) | (tolulhatnia) | (tolulhatnunk) | (tolulhatnotok) | (tolulhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (tolulhatva / tolulhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ tol in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
Further reading
[edit]- tolul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN