toiser
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]toiser
- (archaic, transitive) to measure, to gauge someone's height (originally, using a height gauge)
- (figurative, transitive) to size up
- 2019, Alain Damasio, chapter 1, in Les furtifs [The Stealthies], La Volte, →ISBN:
- Il me toise à plein visage, avec son calme lunaire et ses yeux pers qui sont un hommage quotidien à l’intelligence.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of toiser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | toiser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | toisant /twa.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | toisé /twa.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | toise /twaz/ |
toises /twaz/ |
toise /twaz/ |
toisons /twa.zɔ̃/ |
toisez /twa.ze/ |
toisent /twaz/ |
| imperfect | toisais /twa.zɛ/ |
toisais /twa.zɛ/ |
toisait /twa.zɛ/ |
toisions /twa.zjɔ̃/ |
toisiez /twa.zje/ |
toisaient /twa.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | toisai /twa.ze/ |
toisas /twa.za/ |
toisa /twa.za/ |
toisâmes /twa.zam/ |
toisâtes /twa.zat/ |
toisèrent /twa.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | toiserai /twaz.ʁe/ |
toiseras /twaz.ʁa/ |
toisera /twaz.ʁa/ |
toiserons /twaz.ʁɔ̃/ |
toiserez /twaz.ʁe/ |
toiseront /twaz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | toiserais /twaz.ʁɛ/ |
toiserais /twaz.ʁɛ/ |
toiserait /twaz.ʁɛ/ |
toiserions /twa.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
toiseriez /twa.zə.ʁje/ |
toiseraient /twaz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | toise /twaz/ |
toises /twaz/ |
toise /twaz/ |
toisions /twa.zjɔ̃/ |
toisiez /twa.zje/ |
toisent /twaz/ |
| imperfect2 | toisasse /twa.zas/ |
toisasses /twa.zas/ |
toisât /twa.za/ |
toisassions /twa.za.sjɔ̃/ |
toisassiez /twa.za.sje/ |
toisassent /twa.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | toise /twaz/ |
— | toisons /twa.zɔ̃/ |
toisez /twa.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “toiser”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.