timbul

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈtimbul/ [ˈt̪im.bʊl]
• Rhymes: -imbul
• Syllabification: tim‧bul

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay تيمبول (timbul), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timbul. Compare Tagalog timbol.

Verb

timbul

1. to emerge
2. to (float to the) surface
3. to come, to spring up
4. to appear,
5. to rise,
6. to arise,
7. to occur,
8. to break out,
9. to go through

Derived terms

• ditimbul
• ditimbulkan
• menimbul
• menimbulkan
• penimbulan
• timbulan

• timbul bercak
• timbul tenggelam
• timbulan sampah

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese timbul (“invulnerable”).

Noun

timbul (plural timbul-timbul)

1. invulnerability spells or incantations

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Balinese ᬢᬶᬫ᭄ᬩᬸᬮ᭄ (timbul).

Noun

timbul (plural timbul-timbul)

1. (botany) breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis, syn. Artocarpus communis).

Further reading

• “timbul” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timbul. Compare Tagalog timbol.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /timbul/
• Rhymes: -bul, -ul
• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [ˈt̪im.bʊl, -bol, -bo̞l]

Verb

timbul (Jawi spelling تيمبول)

1. to float
2. to rise to the surface
3. to emerge or appear from below

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• penimbulan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• timbulan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• timbulkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• menimbul [agent focus] (meN-)
• menimbulkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• ditimbulkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• bertimbulan [stative / habitual + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (beR- + -an)

Descendants

• Indonesian: timbul

Further reading

• “timbul” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.