thosa

Zulu

Etymology

Borrowed from English toast.

Verb

-thósa

1. (transitive) to fry, to roast, to thost

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuthosa
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuthosa	ukungathosi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	thosa	-those
Plural	thosani	-thoseni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyathosa, ngithosa	engithosayo, engithosa	ngithosa	angithosi	engingathosi	ngingathosi
2nd singular	uyathosa, uthosa	othosayo, othosa	uthosa	awuthosi	ongathosi	ungathosi
1st plural	siyathosa, sithosa	esithosayo, esithosa	sithosa	asithosi	esingathosi	singathosi
2nd plural	niyathosa, nithosa	enithosayo, enithosa	nithosa	anithosi	eningathosi	ningathosi
Class 1	uyathosa, uthosa	othosayo, othosa	ethosa	akathosi	ongathosi	engathosi
Class 2	bayathosa, bathosa	abathosayo, abathosa	bethosa	abathosi	abangathosi	bengathosi
Class 3	uyathosa, uthosa	othosayo, othosa	uthosa	awuthosi	ongathosi	ungathosi
Class 4	iyathosa, ithosa	ethosayo, ethosa	ithosa	ayithosi	engathosi	ingathosi
Class 5	liyathosa, lithosa	elithosayo, elithosa	lithosa	alithosi	elingathosi	lingathosi
Class 6	ayathosa, athosa	athosayo, athosa	ethosa	awathosi	angathosi	engathosi
Class 7	siyathosa, sithosa	esithosayo, esithosa	sithosa	asithosi	esingathosi	singathosi
Class 8	ziyathosa, zithosa	ezithosayo, ezithosa	zithosa	azithosi	ezingathosi	zingathosi
Class 9	iyathosa, ithosa	ethosayo, ethosa	ithosa	ayithosi	engathosi	ingathosi
Class 10	ziyathosa, zithosa	ezithosayo, ezithosa	zithosa	azithosi	ezingathosi	zingathosi
Class 11	luyathosa, luthosa	oluthosayo, oluthosa	luthosa	aluthosi	olungathosi	lungathosi
Class 14	buyathosa, buthosa	obuthosayo, obuthosa	buthosa	abuthosi	obungathosi	bungathosi
Class 15	kuyathosa, kuthosa	okuthosayo, okuthosa	kuthosa	akuthosi	okungathosi	kungathosi
Class 17	kuyathosa, kuthosa	okuthosayo, okuthosa	kuthosa	akuthosi	okungathosi	kungathosi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngithosile, ngithosē	engithosile, engithosē	ngithosile, ngithosē	angithosanga	engingathosanga	ngingathosanga
2nd singular	uthosile, uthosē	othosile, othosē	uthosile, uthosē	awuthosanga	ongathosanga	ungathosanga
1st plural	sithosile, sithosē	esithosile, esithosē	sithosile, sithosē	asithosanga	esingathosanga	singathosanga
2nd plural	nithosile, nithosē	enithosile, enithosē	nithosile, nithosē	anithosanga	eningathosanga	ningathosanga
Class 1	uthosile, uthosē	othosile, othosē	ethosile, ethosē	akathosanga	ongathosanga	engathosanga
Class 2	bathosile, bathosē	abathosile, abathosē	bethosile, bethosē	abathosanga	abangathosanga	bengathosanga
Class 3	uthosile, uthosē	othosile, othosē	uthosile, uthosē	awuthosanga	ongathosanga	ungathosanga
Class 4	ithosile, ithosē	ethosile, ethosē	ithosile, ithosē	ayithosanga	engathosanga	ingathosanga
Class 5	lithosile, lithosē	elithosile, elithosē	lithosile, lithosē	alithosanga	elingathosanga	lingathosanga
Class 6	athosile, athosē	athosile, athosē	ethosile, ethosē	awathosanga	angathosanga	engathosanga
Class 7	sithosile, sithosē	esithosile, esithosē	sithosile, sithosē	asithosanga	esingathosanga	singathosanga
Class 8	zithosile, zithosē	ezithosile, ezithosē	zithosile, zithosē	azithosanga	ezingathosanga	zingathosanga
Class 9	ithosile, ithosē	ethosile, ethosē	ithosile, ithosē	ayithosanga	engathosanga	ingathosanga
Class 10	zithosile, zithosē	ezithosile, ezithosē	zithosile, zithosē	azithosanga	ezingathosanga	zingathosanga
Class 11	luthosile, luthosē	oluthosile, oluthosē	luthosile, luthosē	aluthosanga	olungathosanga	lungathosanga
Class 14	buthosile, buthosē	obuthosile, obuthosē	buthosile, buthosē	abuthosanga	obungathosanga	bungathosanga
Class 15	kuthosile, kuthosē	okuthosile, okuthosē	kuthosile, kuthosē	akuthosanga	okungathosanga	kungathosanga
Class 17	kuthosile, kuthosē	okuthosile, okuthosē	kuthosile, kuthosē	akuthosanga	okungathosanga	kungathosanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāthosa	engāthosa	ngāthosa	angithosanga	engingathosanga	ngingathosanga
2nd singular	wāthosa	owāthosa	wāthosa	awuthosanga	ongathosanga	ungathosanga
1st plural	sāthosa	esāthosa	sāthosa	asithosanga	esingathosanga	singathosanga
2nd plural	nāthosa	enāthosa	nāthosa	anithosanga	eningathosanga	ningathosanga
Class 1	wāthosa	owāthosa	āthosa	akathosanga	ongathosanga	engathosanga
Class 2	bāthosa	abāthosa	bāthosa	abathosanga	abangathosanga	bengathosanga
Class 3	wāthosa	owāthosa	wāthosa	awuthosanga	ongathosanga	ungathosanga
Class 4	yāthosa	eyāthosa	yāthosa	ayithosanga	engathosanga	ingathosanga
Class 5	lāthosa	elāthosa	lāthosa	alithosanga	elingathosanga	lingathosanga
Class 6	āthosa	āthosa	āthosa	awathosanga	angathosanga	engathosanga
Class 7	sāthosa	esāthosa	sāthosa	asithosanga	esingathosanga	singathosanga
Class 8	zāthosa	ezāthosa	zāthosa	azithosanga	ezingathosanga	zingathosanga
Class 9	yāthosa	eyāthosa	yāthosa	ayithosanga	engathosanga	ingathosanga
Class 10	zāthosa	ezāthosa	zāthosa	azithosanga	ezingathosanga	zingathosanga
Class 11	lwāthosa	olwāthosa	lwāthosa	aluthosanga	olungathosanga	lungathosanga
Class 14	bāthosa	obāthosa	bāthosa	abuthosanga	obungathosanga	bungathosanga
Class 15	kwāthosa	okwāthosa	kwāthosa	akuthosanga	okungathosanga	kungathosanga
Class 17	kwāthosa	okwāthosa	kwāthosa	akuthosanga	okungathosanga	kungathosanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingathosa	—	ngingathosa	ngingethose	—	ngingethose
2nd singular	ungathosa	—	ungathosa	ungethose	—	ungethose
1st plural	singathosa	—	singathosa	singethose	—	singethose
2nd plural	ningathosa	—	ningathosa	ningethose	—	ningethose
Class 1	angathosa	—	engathosa	angethose	—	engethose
Class 2	bangathosa	—	bengathosa	bangethose	—	bengethose
Class 3	ungathosa	—	ungathosa	ungethose	—	ungethose
Class 4	ingathosa	—	ingathosa	ingethose	—	ingethose
Class 5	lingathosa	—	lingathosa	lingethose	—	lingethose
Class 6	angathosa	—	engathosa	angethose	—	engethose
Class 7	singathosa	—	singathosa	singethose	—	singethose
Class 8	zingathosa	—	zingathosa	zingethose	—	zingethose
Class 9	ingathosa	—	ingathosa	ingethose	—	ingethose
Class 10	zingathosa	—	zingathosa	zingethose	—	zingethose
Class 11	lungathosa	—	lungathosa	lungethose	—	lungethose
Class 14	bungathosa	—	bungathosa	bungethose	—	bungethose
Class 15	kungathosa	—	kungathosa	kungethose	—	kungethose
Class 17	kungathosa	—	kungathosa	kungethose	—	kungethose
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizothosa	engizothosa	ngizothosa	angizuthosa	engingezuthosa	ngingezuthosa
2nd singular	uzothosa	ozothosa	uzothosa	awuzuthosa	ongezuthosa	ungezuthosa
1st plural	sizothosa	esizothosa	sizothosa	asizuthosa	esingezuthosa	singezuthosa
2nd plural	nizothosa	enizothosa	nizothosa	anizuthosa	eningezuthosa	ningezuthosa
Class 1	uzothosa	ozothosa	ezothosa	akazuthosa	ongezuthosa	engezuthosa
Class 2	bazothosa	abazothosa	bezothosa	abazuthosa	abangezuthosa	bengezuthosa
Class 3	uzothosa	ozothosa	uzothosa	awuzuthosa	ongezuthosa	ungezuthosa
Class 4	izothosa	ezothosa	izothosa	ayizuthosa	engezuthosa	ingezuthosa
Class 5	lizothosa	elizothosa	lizothosa	alizuthosa	elingezuthosa	lingezuthosa
Class 6	azothosa	azothosa	ezothosa	awazuthosa	angezuthosa	engezuthosa
Class 7	sizothosa	esizothosa	sizothosa	asizuthosa	esingezuthosa	singezuthosa
Class 8	zizothosa	ezizothosa	zizothosa	azizuthosa	ezingezuthosa	zingezuthosa
Class 9	izothosa	ezothosa	izothosa	ayizuthosa	engezuthosa	ingezuthosa
Class 10	zizothosa	ezizothosa	zizothosa	azizuthosa	ezingezuthosa	zingezuthosa
Class 11	luzothosa	oluzothosa	luzothosa	aluzuthosa	olungezuthosa	lungezuthosa
Class 14	buzothosa	obuzothosa	buzothosa	abuzuthosa	obungezuthosa	bungezuthosa
Class 15	kuzothosa	okuzothosa	kuzothosa	akuzuthosa	okungezuthosa	kungezuthosa
Class 17	kuzothosa	okuzothosa	kuzothosa	akuzuthosa	okungezuthosa	kungezuthosa
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyothosa	engiyothosa	ngiyothosa	angiyuthosa	engingeyuthosa	ngingeyuthosa
2nd singular	uyothosa	oyothosa	uyothosa	awuyuthosa	ongeyuthosa	ungeyuthosa
1st plural	siyothosa	esiyothosa	siyothosa	asiyuthosa	esingeyuthosa	singeyuthosa
2nd plural	niyothosa	eniyothosa	niyothosa	aniyuthosa	eningeyuthosa	ningeyuthosa
Class 1	uyothosa	oyothosa	eyothosa	akayuthosa	ongeyuthosa	engeyuthosa
Class 2	bayothosa	abayothosa	beyothosa	abayuthosa	abangeyuthosa	bengeyuthosa
Class 3	uyothosa	oyothosa	uyothosa	awuyuthosa	ongeyuthosa	ungeyuthosa
Class 4	iyothosa	eyothosa	iyothosa	ayiyuthosa	engeyuthosa	ingeyuthosa
Class 5	liyothosa	eliyothosa	liyothosa	aliyuthosa	elingeyuthosa	lingeyuthosa
Class 6	ayothosa	ayothosa	eyothosa	awayuthosa	angeyuthosa	engeyuthosa
Class 7	siyothosa	esiyothosa	siyothosa	asiyuthosa	esingeyuthosa	singeyuthosa
Class 8	ziyothosa	eziyothosa	ziyothosa	aziyuthosa	ezingeyuthosa	zingeyuthosa
Class 9	iyothosa	eyothosa	iyothosa	ayiyuthosa	engeyuthosa	ingeyuthosa
Class 10	ziyothosa	eziyothosa	ziyothosa	aziyuthosa	ezingeyuthosa	zingeyuthosa
Class 11	luyothosa	oluyothosa	luyothosa	aluyuthosa	olungeyuthosa	lungeyuthosa
Class 14	buyothosa	obuyothosa	buyothosa	abuyuthosa	obungeyuthosa	bungeyuthosa
Class 15	kuyothosa	okuyothosa	kuyothosa	akuyuthosa	okungeyuthosa	kungeyuthosa
Class 17	kuyothosa	okuyothosa	kuyothosa	akuyuthosa	okungeyuthosa	kungeyuthosa
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngithose	ngingathosi
2nd singular	uthose	ungathosi
1st plural	sithose	singathosi
2nd plural	nithose	ningathosi
Class 1	athose	angathosi
Class 2	bathose	bangathosi
Class 3	uthose	ungathosi
Class 4	ithose	ingathosi
Class 5	lithose	lingathosi
Class 6	athose	angathosi
Class 7	sithose	singathosi
Class 8	zithose	zingathosi
Class 9	ithose	ingathosi
Class 10	zithose	zingathosi
Class 11	luthose	lungathosi
Class 14	buthose	bungathosi
Class 15	kuthose	kungathosi
Class 17	kuthose	kungathosi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngathosa	ngangathosa, angathosa, angangathosa
2nd singular	wathosa	wangathosa, awathosa, awangathosa
1st plural	sathosa	sangathosa, asathosa, asangathosa
2nd plural	nathosa	nangathosa, anathosa, anangathosa
Class 1	wathosa	wangathosa, akathosa, akangathosa
Class 2	bathosa	bangathosa, abathosa, abangathosa
Class 3	wathosa	wangathosa, awathosa, awangathosa
Class 4	yathosa	yangathosa, ayathosa, ayangathosa
Class 5	lathosa	langathosa, alathosa, alangathosa
Class 6	athosa	angathosa, awathosa, awangathosa
Class 7	sathosa	sangathosa, asathosa, asangathosa
Class 8	zathosa	zangathosa, azathosa, azangathosa
Class 9	yathosa	yangathosa, ayathosa, ayangathosa
Class 10	zathosa	zangathosa, azathosa, azangathosa
Class 11	lwathosa	lwangathosa, alwathosa, alwangathosa
Class 14	bathosa	bangathosa, abathosa, abangathosa
Class 15	kwathosa	kwangathosa, akwathosa, akwangathosa
Class 17	kwathosa	kwangathosa, akwathosa, akwangathosa

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thosa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thosa (3.9)”