tʾp̄k'

Middle Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *tāpaka- (“heater or baking place or cooking place”), ultimately from *tap- (“to warm up, heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“be warm, be hot”). Alternatively, from the homonymous Proto-Iranian root *tap- (“flat”), from the fact that a flat stone could serve as a cooking place. The contamination of both is also possible.

Compare Baluchi (thafaġ, “oven”), Sogdian [script needed] (tpʾkh /⁠tapāk⁠/, “fever”), Sanskrit तापक (tāpaka, “heating, inflaming, refining; causing pain; fever; cooking stove”).

Noun

tʾp̄k' • (tābag)

frying pan

Descendants

Persian: تابه (tâbe), تاوه (tâve), تاوا (tâvâ), تابه (tâbe), طابه (tâbe), توه (tove) (dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht)
- Tajik: тоба (toba), това (tova)
- → Abaza: таба (taba)
- → Adyghe: табэ (tabɛ)
- → Azerbaijani: tava
- → Bashkir: таба (taba)
- → Dargwa: тава (tava)
- → Georgian: ტაფა (ṭapa)
  - → Ossetian: тъапа (t’apa)
- → Kabardian: табэ (tabɛ)
- → Karachay-Balkar: таба (taba)
- → Kazakh: таба (taba)
- → Kumyk: тава (tawa)
- → Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: tawe, tawan
- → Kyrgyz: таба (taba)
- → Ossetian: те́бӕ (tébæ), таба (taba), табай (tabaj), теби (tebi) (via a Turkic language)
- → Ottoman Turkish: تاوه (tava), تابا (taba), تاوا (tava), طابا (taba), طاوه (tava)
  - Turkish: tava
  - → Albanian: tavë
  - → Bulgarian: тава (tava)
  - → Greek: νταβάς (ntavás), ταβάς (tavás)
  - → Macedonian: тава (tava)
  - → Middle Armenian: թաւայ (tʻaway)
    - Armenian: թավա (tʻava)
  - → Romanian: tavă
  - → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: тава
    Latin script: tava
  - → Zazaki: tava
- → Siberian Tatar: таба (taba)
- → Svan: ტაფა̈ (ṭapä)
- → Tatar: таба (taba)
- → Turkmen: taba
- → Udmurt: таба (taba)
- → Uzbek: tova

Taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian:

→ Arabic: طَابَق (ṭābaq), طَابِق (ṭābiq), طَابَاق (ṭābāq, “big brick”), طَابُوق (ṭābūq, “brick”)
→ Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܛܒܩܐ (ṭbqʾ /⁠ṭabqā⁠/)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: טפקא (ṭpqʾ /⁠ṭāpqā⁠/)
→ Old Armenian: տապակ (tapak)
- → Armenian: տապակ (tapak)
- →? Old Georgian: ტაპაკი (ṭaṗaḳi), ტაბაკი (ṭabaḳi), ტაფაკი (ṭapaḳi)
→ Common Turkic: *tābak
- Oghuz:
  - → Azerbaijani: tabaq
  - → Ottoman Turkish: طباق (tabak)
    - Turkish: tabak
    - → Middle Armenian: թապախ (tʻapax), թապաղ (tʻapaġ), տապաղ (tapaġ)
      - Armenian: թաբախ (tʻabax)
  - → Salar: dovaq
  - → Turkmen: tābak
- Karluk:
  - → Uyghur: [script needed] (tavaq)
  - → Uzbek: tovoq
- Kipchak:
  - → Kazakh: табақ (tabaq)
  - → Kyrgyz: табак (tabak)
  - → Tatar: табак (tabaq)
  - → Bashkir: табаҡ (tabaq)

References

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “تابه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “tābag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 81
Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1905) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume III (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 960
Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 46
Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 252
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “տապակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 372—373
Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 2051, page 161a
Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 244, 287
Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 246
Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 319
Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 400
Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 379
Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 181