szf

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ zf (“to be(come) mild, merciful”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛzɛf/
  • Conventional anglicization: sezef

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive, hapax) to mollify, to soothe, to agree well with
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.9–1.10:

     (j)m ꜣtw r jwf r gs skn šzp dj.f n.k (j)m wjn st kꜣ szft pw

     Don’t raven after meat next to a voracious man; partake when he gives to you. Don’t reject it; then it will be something soothing.

Inflection

Conjugation of szf (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: szf

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
szft, szf	szfw, szf	szft	szf	szf

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
szf	ḥr szf	m szf	r szf

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	szf.n	szfw, szf	consecutive	szf.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	szft
perfective3	szf	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	szf.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	szf	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	szfw, szf, szfy	szfw, szf, szfy	potentialis1	szf.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	szf	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	szf.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	szf	active + .tj1, .tw2	szf	szf, szfw5, szfy5
imperfective	szf, szfy, szfw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	szf, szfj6, szfy6	szf, szfw5
prospective	szf, szftj7	—	szfwtj1 4, szftj4, szft4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• “szf (lemma ID 143990)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 274.3
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 245