svainis
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Baltic *swaynya-, from Proto-Indo-European *swoini, probably meaning “ours,” “one of us”, from *swe-, *swo- with an extra in, from the reflexive pronominal stem *se- (“one's own”) with an extra -we, -wo (whence also Latvian savs). The meaning probably went from “one of us, one of our relatives” to “one who has become a relative (by marriage)” and was then restricted to “brother-in-law.” Cognates include Lithuanian sváinis (“wife's sister's husband”), Old High German swein (“servant, shepherd”) (< “one of us”), Messapic veinam (“one's own (acc.)”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]
Noun
[edit]svainis m (2nd declension, feminine form: svaine or svainiene)
- brother-in-law (one's wife's brother or one's husband's brother; also, one's sister's husband, or one's wife's sister's husband)
- tev pašam māsa un svainis strādā kaut kur kolhozā ― your very sister and brother-in-law work somewhere in a collective farm
- Līzbetei daudz radu nebija... pilnīgi cerams, ka svainis Līdaks ar māsu Gerdu bērēs nebūs ― Līzbete didn't have many relatives... it can certainly be hoped that (her) brother-in-law Līdaks and (her) sister Gerda won't be at the funeral
Declension
[edit]| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | svainis | svaiņi |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | svaini | svaiņus |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | svaiņa | svaiņu |
| dative (datīvs) | svainim | svaiņiem |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | svaini | svaiņiem |
| locative (lokatīvs) | svainī | svaiņos |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | svaini | svaiņi |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “svainis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Latvian svainis (“brother-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-European *swoy-n(i)o-s, a derivative of *swe- (“self”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]
Noun
[edit]sváinis m (plural sváiniai, feminine sváinė) stress pattern 1[2]
Declension
[edit]| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | sváinis | sváiniai |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | sváinio | sváinių |
| dative (naudininkas) | sváiniui | sváiniams |
| accusative (galininkas) | sváinį | sváinius |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | sváiniu | sváiniais |
| locative (vietininkas) | sváinyje | sváiniuose |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | sváini | sváiniai |
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “svainis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 437
- ^ “svainis”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian masculine nouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian second declension nouns
- lv:Family
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian nouns
- Lithuanian masculine nouns
- lt:Male family members