surmener

French

Etymology

From sur- +‎ mener.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syʁ.mə.ne/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

surmener

1. to overwork

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il surmène and the third-person singular future indicative il surmènera.

Conjugation of surmener (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	surmener
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	surmenant /syʁ.mə.nɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		surmené /syʁ.mə.ne/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	surmène /syʁ.mɛn/	surmènes /syʁ.mɛn/	surmène /syʁ.mɛn/	surmenons /syʁ.mə.nɔ̃/	surmenez /syʁ.mə.ne/	surmènent /syʁ.mɛn/
	imperfect	surmenais /syʁ.mə.nɛ/	surmenais /syʁ.mə.nɛ/	surmenait /syʁ.mə.nɛ/	surmenions /syʁ.mə.njɔ̃/	surmeniez /syʁ.mə.nje/	surmenaient /syʁ.mə.nɛ/
	past historic2	surmenai /syʁ.mə.ne/	surmenas /syʁ.mə.na/	surmena /syʁ.mə.na/	surmenâmes /syʁ.mə.nam/	surmenâtes /syʁ.mə.nat/	surmenèrent /syʁ.mə.nɛʁ/
	future	surmènerai /syʁ.mɛn.ʁe/	surmèneras /syʁ.mɛn.ʁa/	surmènera /syʁ.mɛn.ʁa/	surmènerons /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɔ̃/	surmènerez /syʁ.mɛn.ʁe/	surmèneront /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	surmènerais /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/	surmènerais /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/	surmènerait /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/	surmènerions /syʁ.mɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /syʁ.me.nə.ʁjɔ̃/	surmèneriez /syʁ.mɛ.nə.ʁje/ or /syʁ.me.nə.ʁje/	surmèneraient /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	surmène /syʁ.mɛn/	surmènes /syʁ.mɛn/	surmène /syʁ.mɛn/	surmenions /syʁ.mə.njɔ̃/	surmeniez /syʁ.mə.nje/	surmènent /syʁ.mɛn/
	imperfect2	surmenasse /syʁ.mə.nas/	surmenasses /syʁ.mə.nas/	surmenât /syʁ.mə.na/	surmenassions /syʁ.mə.na.sjɔ̃/	surmenassiez /syʁ.mə.na.sje/	surmenassent /syʁ.mə.nas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	surmène /syʁ.mɛn/	—	surmenons /syʁ.mə.nɔ̃/	surmenez /syʁ.mə.ne/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• surmenage
• surmené

Further reading

• “surmener”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.