surcar

Spanish

Etymology

From sulcar, inherited from Latin sulcāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suɾˈkaɾ/ [suɾˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: sur‧car

Verb

surcar (first-person singular present surco, first-person singular preterite surqué, past participle surcado)

1. to plow

   Synonym: arar

2. to navigate the seas (or air) as if ploughing them

Conjugation

    Conjugation of surcar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			surcar
gerund			surcando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		surcado		surcada
		plural		surcados		surcadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	surco	surcastú surcásvos	surca	surcamos	surcáis	surcan
	imperfect	surcaba	surcabas	surcaba	surcábamos	surcabais	surcaban
	preterite	surqué	surcaste	surcó	surcamos	surcasteis	surcaron
	future	surcaré	surcarás	surcará	surcaremos	surcaréis	surcarán
	conditional	surcaría	surcarías	surcaría	surcaríamos	surcaríais	surcarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	surque	surquestú surquésvos2	surque	surquemos	surquéis	surquen
	imperfect (ra)	surcara	surcaras	surcara	surcáramos	surcarais	surcaran
	imperfect (se)	surcase	surcases	surcase	surcásemos	surcaseis	surcasen
	future1	surcare	surcares	surcare	surcáremos	surcareis	surcaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		surcatú surcávos	surque	surquemos	surcad	surquen
	negative		no surques	no surque	no surquemos	no surquéis	no surquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of surcar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive surcar
	dative	surcarme	surcarte	surcarle, surcarse	surcarnos	surcaros	surcarles, surcarse
	accusative	surcarme	surcarte	surcarlo, surcarla, surcarse	surcarnos	surcaros	surcarlos, surcarlas, surcarse
with gerund surcando
	dative	surcándome	surcándote	surcándole, surcándose	surcándonos	surcándoos	surcándoles, surcándose
	accusative	surcándome	surcándote	surcándolo, surcándola, surcándose	surcándonos	surcándoos	surcándolos, surcándolas, surcándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative surca
	dative	súrcame	súrcate	súrcale	súrcanos	not used	súrcales
	accusative	súrcame	súrcate	súrcalo, súrcala	súrcanos	not used	súrcalos, súrcalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative surcá
	dative	surcame	surcate	surcale	surcanos	not used	surcales
	accusative	surcame	surcate	surcalo, surcala	surcanos	not used	surcalos, surcalas
with formal second-person singular imperative surque
	dative	súrqueme	not used	súrquele, súrquese	súrquenos	not used	súrqueles
	accusative	súrqueme	not used	súrquelo, súrquela, súrquese	súrquenos	not used	súrquelos, súrquelas
with first-person plural imperative surquemos
	dative	not used	surquémoste	surquémosle	surquémonos	surquémoos	surquémosles
	accusative	not used	surquémoste	surquémoslo, surquémosla	surquémonos	surquémoos	surquémoslos, surquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative surcad
	dative	surcadme	not used	surcadle	surcadnos	surcaos	surcadles
	accusative	surcadme	not used	surcadlo, surcadla	surcadnos	surcaos	surcadlos, surcadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative surquen
	dative	súrquenme	not used	súrquenle	súrquennos	not used	súrquenles, súrquense
	accusative	súrquenme	not used	súrquenlo, súrquenla	súrquennos	not used	súrquenlos, súrquenlas, súrquense

Further reading

• “surcar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28