succumbo

Latin

Etymology

From sub- +‎ *cumbō (“lie down”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /sukˈkum.boː/, [s̠ʊkˈkʊmboː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sukˈkum.bo/, [sukˈkumbo]

Verb

succumbō (present infinitive succumbere, perfect active succubuī, supine succubitum); third conjugation

1. to sink, fall, lie or break down
2. to collapse, to succumb
3. to concede defeat
4. to surrender, to yield, to succumb
   • 46 BCE, Cicero, Pro rege Deiotaro 36:

     Magnō animō et ērēctō est, nec umquam succumbet inimīcīs, nē fortūnae quidem.

     He preserves a great and lofty spirit, and will never succumb to his enemies, nor even to fortune.

5. to submit

Conjugation

   Conjugation of succumbō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	succumbō	succumbis	succumbit	succumbimus	succumbitis	succumbunt
	imperfect	succumbēbam	succumbēbās	succumbēbat	succumbēbāmus	succumbēbātis	succumbēbant
	future	succumbam	succumbēs	succumbet	succumbēmus	succumbētis	succumbent
	perfect	succubuī	succubuistī	succubuit	succubuimus	succubuistis	succubuērunt, succubuēre
	pluperfect	succubueram	succubuerās	succubuerat	succubuerāmus	succubuerātis	succubuerant
	future perfect	succubuerō	succubueris	succubuerit	succubuerimus	succubueritis	succubuerint
passive	present	succumbor	succumberis, succumbere	succumbitur	succumbimur	succumbiminī	succumbuntur
	imperfect	succumbēbar	succumbēbāris, succumbēbāre	succumbēbātur	succumbēbāmur	succumbēbāminī	succumbēbantur
	future	succumbar	succumbēris, succumbēre	succumbētur	succumbēmur	succumbēminī	succumbentur
	perfect	succubitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	succubitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	succubitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	succumbam	succumbās	succumbat	succumbāmus	succumbātis	succumbant
imperfect	succumberem	succumberēs	succumberet	succumberēmus	succumberētis	succumberent
perfect	succubuerim	succubuerīs	succubuerit	succubuerīmus	succubuerītis	succubuerint
pluperfect	succubuissem	succubuissēs	succubuisset	succubuissēmus	succubuissētis	succubuissent
passive	present	succumbar	succumbāris, succumbāre	succumbātur	succumbāmur	succumbāminī	succumbantur
imperfect	succumberer	succumberēris, succumberēre	succumberētur	succumberēmur	succumberēminī	succumberentur
perfect	succubitus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	succubitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	succumbe	—	—	succumbite	—
	future	—	succumbitō	succumbitō	—	succumbitōte	succumbuntō
passive	present	—	succumbere	—	—	succumbiminī	—
	future	—	succumbitor	succumbitor	—	—	succumbuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		succumbere	succubuisse	succubitūrum esse	succumbī	succubitum esse	succubitum īrī
participles		succumbēns	—	succubitūrus	—	succubitus	succumbendus, succumbundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		succumbendī	succumbendō	succumbendum	succumbendō	succubitum	succubitū

Descendants

• Old French: succomber
  • French: succomber
  • → English: succumb
• Portuguese: sucumbir
• Spanish: sucumbir
• Italian: soccombere
• Piedmontese: socombe

References

• “succumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “succumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• succumbo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.