stosunek

Polish

Etymology

From stosować +‎ -unek. Sense 7 and sense 6 are semantic loans from English relations, sense 8 is a semantic loan from English connections and contacts, sense 9 is a semantic loan from English terms. First attested in 1781. Cognate with English stotting.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stɔˈsu.nɛk/

• Audio 1:

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• Audio 2:

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• Rhymes: -unɛk
• Syllabification: sto‧su‧nek

Noun

stosunek m inan (diminutive stosuneczek)

1. relation, relationship (manner in which two things may be associated) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’]

   Synonym: relacja

2. relation, relationship; attitude (manner in which and tone with which two people or things interact) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’], [with wobec (+ genitive) ‘towards what’]

   Synonyms: nastawienie, podejście

3. (mathematics) relation, relationship (quotient obtained by dividing two numbers or two quantities belonging to a given set of numbers or quantities)

   Synonym: proporcja

4. (obsolete) affair (illegimate romantic relation)

   Synonym: romans

5. (obsolete, chemistry) equivalent

   Synonym: równoważnik

7. (often in the plural) relation (act of intercourse) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]
9. (in the plural) relations, relationship (act of maintaining contact) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’], [with między (+ instrumental) ‘between whom’]

   Synonym: związek

11. (in the plural) connections (people with whom one is acquainted who can offer help and influence)

    Synonym: powiązania

13. (in the plural) terms (conditions; states or qualities)

    Synonym: warunki

Declension

Declension of stosunek

	singular	plural
nominative	stosunek	stosunki
genitive	stosunku	stosunków
dative	stosunkowi	stosunkom
accusative	stosunek	stosunki
instrumental	stosunkiem	stosunkami
locative	stosunku	stosunkach
vocative	stosunku	stosunki

Derived terms

adjective

• stosunkowy

 

nouns

• stosunek najmu
• stosunek pracy
• stosunek prawny
• stosunek przerywany
• stosunki produkcji

 

preposition

• w stosunku do

 

verbs

• stosunkować impf

 

Related terms

adverb

• stosunkowo

 

noun

• stosunkowość

 

Descendants

• → Kashubian: stosënk (calque)
• → Silesian: stosōnek (calque)
• → Ukrainian: стосу́нок (stosúnok)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), stosunek is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 49 times in scientific texts, 46 times in news, 99 times in essays, 18 times in fiction, and 8 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 220 times, making it the 252nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• stosunek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• stosunek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “stosunek”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “stosunek”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 438