sqdj

Egyptian

Etymology

Prefixed with s- (causative prefix).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛkɛdi/
  • Conventional anglicization: seqedi

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to travel by boat, to sail
   • c. 1859 BCE – 1800 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B2 (pAmherst 2 and pBerlin 3025) lines 101–103:

     jr sqdd ẖr.f nj sꜣḥ.n.f tꜣ nj mjn.n dpwt.f r dmj.s

     As for him who sails with it, he cannot set foot on land, and his boat cannot moor at its harbor.

2. (transitive, by extension) to travel (in general)

Inflection

Conjugation of sqdj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sqd, geminated stem: sqdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sqdt, sqdj	sqdw, sqd	sqdt, sqdwt, sqdyt	sqd	sqd, sqdy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sqd	ḥr sqdt, ḥr sqdj	m sqdt, m sqdj	r sqdt, r sqdj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sqd.n	sqdw, sqd, sqdy	consecutive	sqd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sqdt
perfective3	sqd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sqd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sqd, sqdy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sqdw, sqd, sqdy	sqdw, sqd, sqdy	potentialis1	sqd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sqd, sqdy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sqd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sqdw1, sqdy, sqd	active + .tj1, .tw2	sqd	sqdy, sqd
imperfective	sqdd, sqddy, sqddw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sqdd, sqddj6, sqddy6	sqdd, sqddw5
prospective	sqdw1, sqdy, sqd, sqdtj7	—	sqdwtj1 4, sqdtj4, sqdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• sqd

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 330.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 113